He aha nā Honua Terrestrial a me ko lākou mau ʻano?
ʻAʻole like ke ʻano o nā hōkūhele ma ka ʻŌnaehana Lā (a ma nā ʻōnaehana hōkū ʻē aʻe). Hana ʻia kekahi me ke kinoea a me ka hau me nā lewa mānoanoa, aʻo kekahi he mau ʻili paʻa, pōhaku e hiki ke hoʻopuni i nā mauna, nā awāwa, a me nā lua pele. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hui ʻelua ʻo nā hōkūhele honua. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi hōkūhele honua, nā hiʻohiʻona o kekahi, a me nā ʻano koʻikoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā ʻano hōkūhele ʻē aʻe.
Ka Wehewehena o nā Honua Honua
ʻO ka honua honua he honua i haku ʻia me ka pōhaku silicate a me nā metala a me kahi ʻili paʻa. Loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "terrestrial" mai ka huaʻōlelo terra, ʻo ia hoʻi "Honu." I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka honua honua he honua like ke ʻano me ka Honua—ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o kona ʻano paʻa—ʻoiai hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni o kēlā me kēia honua.
Ma ka Pūnaehana Lā, ʻo nā hōkūhele honua:
1. Mereki
2. Venusa
3. Honua
4. Māka
Aia kēia mau hōkūhele ʻehā ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka Pūnaehana Lā, kokoke loa i ka Lā, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pilikua kinoea (Iupitera, Saturn) a me nā pilikua hau (Uranus, Neptune).
No ke aha i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā hōkūhele honua i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lā o loko?
ʻAʻole he mea ulia ka kokoke ʻana o nā hōkūhele honua i ka Lā. I nā pae mua o ka Pūnaehana Lā, ua kaʻapuni kahi disk o ke kinoea a me ka lepo i ka Lā ʻōpio (i kapa ʻia he protoplanetary nebula). Ma nā wahi kokoke i ka Lā, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, e ʻae ana i nā mea pale wela wale nō—e like me nā pōhaku a me nā metala—e hoʻopili a hui pū. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea lele e like me ka hydrogen, helium, a i ʻole ka hau wai e mau a hui pū i nā wahi anuanu, mamao aku mai ka Lā. ʻO kēia kekahi kumu e lilo ai nā hōkūhele waho i mau hōkūhele kinoea a hau paha.
Nā ʻano nui o nā hōkūhele honua
Eia nā ʻano laulā koʻikoʻi o nā hōkūhele honua.
1. Nā ʻIli Paʻa a me nā ʻIli Pōhaku
ʻO ke ʻano maopopo loa o ka honua honua, ʻo ia kona ʻili paʻa. ʻO ka laulā o kēia ʻili, ua hana ʻia me ka pōhaku silicate, me nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano o nā pāpū, nā mauna, nā awāwa, a me nā lua pele i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hopena meteor. Ma muli o ko lākou mau ʻili paʻakikī, pili pū nā honua honua i nā kaʻina hana geological e like me ka ʻino ʻana, ka wā ʻino, a (i kekahi mau hihia) ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻili hou.
ʻo kahi laʻana:
– Ua piha ʻo Mercury i nā lua pele, e like me ka Mahina, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ona lewa palekana.
– He mau lua pele nui ko Mars e like me Olympus Mons a me nā awāwa nui e like me Valles Marineris.
2. Liʻiliʻi iki ka nui, akā kiʻekiʻe ka nui
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hōkūhele nui kinoea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hōkūhele honua. Eia nō naʻe, he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou mau mānoanoa ma muli o ko lākou ʻano waiwai o nā pōhaku a me nā metala. He ʻokoʻa kēia me nā hōkūhele kinoea, nona nā nui nui akā "mama" i kēlā me kēia anakahi leo ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kinoea nui.
Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻo ka awelika o ka nui o ka Honua ma kahi o 5,5 g/cm³, he kiʻekiʻe loa ia no ka mea he nui kona ʻiwi metala.
3. ʻAno Kūloko Papa: ʻIwi, ʻApana, a me ka ʻIli
He ʻano papa ko ka hapa nui o nā hōkūhele honua:
– ʻO ke kumu: waiwai nui i ka hao a me ka nikala. Hiki i ke kumu ke paʻa a wai paha (a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua).
– Mantle: he papa o ka pōhaku wela e hiki ke kahe mālie loa ma ka pae manawa honua.
– ʻIli: ka papa waho loa i lahilahi a anuanu hoʻi.
Hana ʻia kēia ʻano papa ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka honua, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea ma muli o ko lākou nui ke wela a heheʻe ka honua: piholo nā metala kaumaha i waenakonu, ʻoiai piʻi aʻe nā pōhaku māmā i luna.
4. Ka Lewa Lahilahi (ʻAno like ʻole) i Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā Honua Nui
Hiki i nā hōkūhele honua ke loaʻa nā lewa, akā ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o lākou ma mua o nā pilikua kinoea. ʻO ka mānoanoa a me ke ʻano o ka lewa e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka umekaumaha o ka honua, ka hana pele, ka mamao mai ka Lā, a me ka mōʻaukala o ka nalowale ʻana o ka lewa ma muli o ka makani lā.
Laʻana hoʻohālikelike:
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe lewa o Mercury (he exosphere lahilahi wale nō).
– He mānoanoa loa ka lewa o Venus i hoʻomalu ʻia e CO₂, e hana ana i kahi hopena ʻōmaʻomaʻo koʻikoʻi.
– He lewa naikokene-oxygen ko ka Honua e kākoʻo ana i ke ola.
– He lahilahi ka lewa o Mars, a ua hoʻomalu ʻia hoʻi e CO₂, no laila he anu ka mahana awelika.
5. ʻEmi nā mahina a me nā apo ʻole
ʻO ka maʻamau, he kakaikahi nā satelite kūlohelohe o nā hōkūhele honua a ʻaʻohe apo. Hoʻokahi mahina ko ka Honua, ʻelua mahina liʻiliʻi ko Mars (Phobos lāua ʻo Deimos), ʻoiai ʻaʻohe mahina o Mercury lāua ʻo Venus. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, he nui nā mahina a me nā ʻōnaehana apo paʻakikī o nā hōkūhele nunui.
Pili kēia i ke kaumaha o ka honua: ʻo nā honua nui loa he ikaika ko lākou e hopu ai i nā mea hou aku a mālama i kahi ʻōnaehana apo.
6. Nā Hana ʻĀina like ʻole
ʻOkoʻa loa ka hana honua o nā hōkūhele honua:
– He hana tectonically ka Honua: aia nā neʻe ʻana o nā papa honua, nā ōlaʻi, a me nā lua pele.
– He nui nā hiʻohiʻona lua pele o Venus, akā, ʻaʻole i hōʻike maopopo ʻia nā tectonics plate e like me ka Honua.
– Hōʻike ʻo Mars i nā hōʻike o ka lua pele i hala a me nā hana ma lalo o ka ʻilikai.
– Loaʻa iā Mercury nā hōʻailona o ka emi ʻana o ka ʻili a me nā hana honua i hala.
Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka hana honua e ka nui o ka honua a me ka wela o loko; ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka nalowale ʻana o ka wela o nā honua liʻiliʻi a no laila "make" koke i ka honua.
7. ʻAʻole ia he hana maʻamau ka hiki ke noho
No ka mea he pōhaku lākou a he mau ʻili paʻa, ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā hōkūhele honua he mau moho mua no ke ola hiki. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia he honua ka hiki ke noho ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia ka noho ʻana e nā kumu he nui: ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai wai, nā mahana kūpono, kahi lewa paʻa, ka pale ʻana mai ka radiation, a me kahi kumu ikehu.
ʻO Venus kahi laʻana o kahi honua honua i hiki ʻole ke noho ʻia no ka mea ʻo kona lewa CO₂ mānoanoa i hoʻoulu ai i nā mahana koʻikoʻi. Loaʻa paha iā Mars ka wai wai i ka wā ma mua, akā i kēia manawa ua anuanu loa a ua lahilahi kona lewa.
Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā Honua Honua a me nā Honua Jovian (Nā Kanaka Nui Kinoea/Hau)
I mea e wehewehe ai, eia kahi hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o nā ʻokoʻa:
– Hoʻokumu: Honua (pōhaku/metala) vs. Jovian (kinoea/hau).
– Ka nui: ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina vs. ʻOi aku ka nui o Jovian.
– ʻIli: He ʻili paʻa ko ka ʻāina vs ʻaʻohe ʻili paʻa maopopo o Jovian (hoʻololi kinoea i ka wai/kaomi kiʻekiʻe).
– Lewa: ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o ka ʻāina vs. ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o Jovian.
– Nā satelite a me nā apo: He kakaikahi/ʻaʻohe apo o ka honua vs. He nui nā satelite a me nā apo o Jovian.
Laʻana wikiwiki: ʻO nā hōkūhele honua ʻehā ma ka ʻōnaehana lā
1. Mercury: ka honua kokoke loa i ka Lā, ʻili lua, nā mahana koʻikoʻi, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe lewa.
2. Venus: like ka nui me ka Honua, mānoanoa loa ka lewa CO₂, kiʻekiʻe ke kaomi, wela loa ka mahana o ka ʻilikai.
3. Honua: wai wai nui, lewa e kākoʻo ana i ke ola, kahua magnetic ikaika, hana tectonic plate.
4. Mars: "honua ʻulaʻula", lewa lahilahi, nā hōʻike o nā muliwai a me nā loko kahiko, ka hau ma nā pou a ma lalo o ka ʻili.
Pani
ʻO nā hōkūhele honua he mau hōkūhele pōhaku me nā ʻili paʻa, nā mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe, a me nā ʻano hana kūloko i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi kikowaena, kahi ʻaʻahu, a me ka ʻili honua. Ma ka Pūnaehana Lā, hāʻule ʻo Mercury, Venus, Honua, a me Mars i loko o kēia māhele. ʻOiai ke kaʻana like nei lākou i kekahi mau ʻano like (pōhaku a me ka metala), hōʻike lākou i nā kūlana like ʻole, mai ka Mercury ʻōlohelohe a hiki i ka Honua e kākoʻo ana i ke ola. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hōkūhele honua e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo pehea e hana ai nā hōkūhele, pehea e hana ai nā kaʻina hana geological, a me kahi e loaʻa ai nā honua ʻē aʻe e like me ka Honua.
Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iaʻu ke hana i kahi mana o kēia ʻatikala ma ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu no nā haumāna, a i ʻole e hoʻohui i kahi papa hoʻohālikelike o ka ʻikepili (ka nui, ka lewa, ka mahana, ke koʻikoʻi) ma waena o Mercury, Venus, Honua, a me Mars.
