ʻO ka ʻAkeolokia ma ʻAigupita a me nā Pyramids: Ke Alanui i nā Mea Pohihihi Kahiko
Pendahuluan
ʻO ʻAigupita, kahi ʻāina me ka mōʻaukala waiwai, ka moʻomeheu, a me ka hanohano, ua lōʻihi ka hoʻopio ʻana i nā kānaka ʻepekema, nā mea kākau moʻolelo, a me nā mea noiʻi. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāina archaeological, he waiwai nui ʻo ʻAigupita. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻāina o nā Paraʻo a me nā Akua Wahine, aia i loko o ʻAigupita kahiko nā mea pohihihi he nui i hōʻike ʻia ma o nā ʻike archaeological kupaianaha. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kupanaha nui e hoʻopio ana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia nā pyramids. Ma ke ʻano he mau hale hanohano e kūʻē i ka manawa a me ka ʻike kanaka, kū nā pyramids o ʻAigupita ma ke ʻano he hōʻike i nā holomua kūkulu hale kupaianaha a me ka moʻomeheu o nā wā kahiko.
ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana ma ʻAigupita: He kahua noiʻi
Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻāina kahiko ma ʻAigupita i ke kenekulia 19, ʻoiai ua nui ka hoihoi i ka ʻāina kahiko o ʻAigupita. ʻO kekahi o nā hanana koʻikoʻi loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻimi ʻāina kahiko o ʻAigupita, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka Rosetta Stone e Napoleon Bonaparte i ka makahiki 1799. Ua hōʻike kēia pōhaku i nā hieroglyphs ʻAigupita i hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma mua. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Rosetta Stone e Jean-François Champollion i ka makahiki 1822, ua hōʻailona ia i kahi huli nui i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka moʻomeheu kahiko o ʻAigupita.
No nā kenekulia ʻelua a ʻoi, ua ʻeli nā mea kālaihonua i nā tausani o nā mea hana a me nā hale e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike hohonu i ke ola, nā manaʻoʻiʻo, a me ka ʻenehana o ko ʻAigupita kahiko. Ua komo pū ka noiʻi me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā hale kupapaʻu, nā luakini, nā wahi noho, a me nā hale kiaʻi e like me nā pyramids. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā pyramids ke mau nei nā hōʻailona kupaianaha loa o ka moʻomeheu ʻAigupita kahiko a he kikowaena mau o ka noiʻi.
Nā Piramida ʻAigupita: Nā Hale Hana Hanohano e Kūʻē i ka Manawa
ʻO nā pyramid 138 i ʻike ʻia, ʻo nā Pyramids o Giza ka mea kaulana loa. Aia ka paʻakikī Giza i ʻekolu mau pyramid nui: nā Pyramids o Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), a me Menkaure (Mycerinus). I kūkulu ʻia ma kahi o 2580–2560 BC, ʻo ka Pyramid o Khufu, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka Pyramid Nui o Giza, ʻo ia ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa i hana ʻia e ke kanaka no kahi kokoke i 3.800 mau makahiki a ke noho nei ʻo ia kekahi o nā Mea Kupanaha ʻEhiku o ka Honua Kahiko.
Nā ʻAno Noiʻi Archaeological a me ke Kūkulu ʻana
ʻO ke nīnau no ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pyramid he kumuhana hoʻopaʻapaʻa ia ma waena o nā mea noiʻi. Manaʻo kekahi mau kumumanaʻo ua lawe ʻia nā pōhaku nui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alapiʻi a me nā ʻōnaehana sledge. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā palapala papyrus ma Wadi el-Jarf e hōʻike ana i ka hana a me ka lawe ʻana o ka limestone mai Tura a i Giza e hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka logistics a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kēia papahana nui. Hōʻike kēia noiʻi i nā hana kupaianaha o ka ʻenekinia kīwila a me ka hoʻokele papahana i hiki i nā kaiāulu kahiko ke hana.
Ma waho aʻe o kā lākou mau ʻano hana hoʻolālā, hoʻāla pū nā Pyramids o Giza i ka hoihoi e pili ana i ke kumu a me ke ʻano o ko lākou mau hale. Ma ke ʻano he mau hale kupapaʻu no nā Paraʻo, hōʻike nā pyramids i nā manaʻoʻiʻo o ʻAigupita e pili ana i ke ola ma hope o ka make a me ka huakaʻi o ka ʻuhane i ke ola ma hope o ka make. Ma kēia ʻano, he mau kia hoʻomanaʻo ʻuhane nā pyramids i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻoia i ke ola ʻana o ka ʻuhane o ka Paraʻo a me kona kūlana ma ke ola ma hope o ka make.
Ke ola a puni nā Pyramids
Ua ʻike ʻia ke kauhale o nā limahana kūkulu pyramid ma Giza e nā ʻeli ʻana o ka ʻeli honua, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike kupanaha i ke ola kahiko o ʻAigupita a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka nohona. ʻO kēia mau mea i loaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hale noho, nā wahi kanu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai, e hōʻike ana ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā limahana pyramid. Ma kahi mamao loa mai ke kiʻi o ka hana kauā i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka moʻomeheu kaulana, hōʻike ka nui o nā hōʻike ua uku ʻia nā limahana a ua uku ʻia no kā lākou hana, a ua hauʻoli lākou i kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ola kino ikaika.
ʻO nā Pyramids ʻē aʻe a me ka hanohano o nā moʻokūʻauhau ʻAigupita
Ma waho aʻe o nā Pyramids o Giza, ua hoʻokani nā pyramids ʻē aʻe i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ʻAigupita. ʻO ka Pyramid o Djoser ma Saqqara, no ka laʻana, ʻo ia ka pyramid ʻanuʻu mua a ua manaʻo ʻia he milestone i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻolālā pyramid. Ua kūkulu ʻia e ka mea kākau hale ʻo Imhotep ma kahi o 2670 BC, ua hōʻailona ia i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā hale kupapaʻu i uhi ʻia i ka pā lepo i nā hale kiaʻi i hana ʻia me ka pōhaku.
Hāʻawi pū nā Pyramids ma Dahshur, e like me ka Red Pyramid a me ka Bent Pyramid, i ka ʻike i ka hana hou ʻenekinia a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūkulu hale i nā pilikia kūkulu. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia pyramid i ka ʻikepili waiwai no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka nohona ʻAigupita a hōʻike i nā manaʻoʻiʻo pilikanaka a me ka politika ma nā makahiki.
Nā Mea Pohihihi a me nā Haʻawina mai ka Pyramid Archaeology
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano hoihoi loa o ka ʻeli ʻana o nā pyramid ʻo ia nā mea pohihihi he nui e hoʻopuni nei iā lākou. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hana o nā keʻena huna a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike o nā pyramid ke kumuhana o ka nui o nā kuhi, me nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mau hale kiaʻi hōkū a i ʻole he waihona no nā waiwai pharaonic i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea huna hou aʻe i hūnā ʻia i loko o nā pyramids e ka loiloi ʻepekema hou, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana e like me ka radar komo honua a me ka tomography archaeological. ʻOiai ka noiʻi nui ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā nīnau i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻike hou ma mua o nā pane, e hoʻolilo ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā pyramids i kahua ola a ulu mau.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana ma ʻAigupita a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā pyramids he huakaʻi e hoʻololi i ko mākou ʻike i ka wā i hala a me ka holomua o ke kanaka i ke alo o nā pilikia kupaianaha. Mai ka Rosetta Stone a i nā papyri i loaʻa ma Wadi el-Jarf, wehe kēlā me kēia ʻike hou i kahi puka i loko o ka honua kupaianaha o ʻAigupita kahiko.
ʻO nā pyramid, ma ke ʻano he mau hōʻike o ka nui a me ka ʻuhane, ke waiho nei lākou i nā hōʻike kino o ka lāhui kahiko i kūkulu iā lākou. Ma o ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea ʻeli honua, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻomaopopo wale i ka ʻenekinia a me nā mākau o ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko akā i ko lākou mau waiwai, nā manaʻoʻiʻo, a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka nohona. Ma ke aka o nā pyramid, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻeli honua i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka puzzle o ka mōʻaukala, e hōʻoia ana ua mamao loa ka moʻolelo o ʻAigupita kahiko a me kāna mau pyramid mai ka pau ʻana.
