Yadda Ake Ƙididdige Ma'ana, Matsakaici, da Yanayi: Cikakken Jagora
Pendahuluan
A cikin kididdiga, fahimtar yadda ake ƙididdige matsakaicin, matsakaici, da yanayi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci domin waɗannan su ne ma'auni guda uku da aka fi amfani da su na yanayin tsakiya. Ana amfani da matsakaicin, matsakaici, da yanayi don taƙaita saitin bayanai na lambobi tare da lamba ɗaya, mafi wakilci. Duk da cewa ana iya amfani da dukkan ukun tare, akwai manyan bambance-bambance a yadda ake ƙididdige su da kuma yanayin da kowane ma'auni ya fi dacewa.
Matsakaici (Matsakaici)
Tabbas
Ma'anar ita ce jimlar dukkan dabi'u a cikin saitin bayanai da aka raba da adadin waɗannan dabi'u. Ma'anar tana ba da ra'ayin 'tsakiyar' bayanan, amma yana da tasiri sosai daga waɗanda ba su da shi (ƙimar da ta wuce gona da iri).
Matakai don Ƙididdige Ma'aunin
1. Tattara Duk Ƙima: Ƙara dukkan ƙima a cikin bayanan.
2. Ƙidaya Adadin Bayanai: Ƙayyade adadin ƙima da ke cikin bayanan.
3. Raba Jimlar Duk Ƙima da Adadin Bayanai: Sakamakon wannan rabo shine matsakaicin bayanan.
Misali:
A ce muna da waɗannan bayanai: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10.
– A tara dukkan dabi'u: 3 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 37
– Adadin bayanai: 5
– Lissafa matsakaicin: 37/5 = 7.4
Saboda haka, matsakaicin wannan bayanai shine 7.4.
Matsakaicin (Matsakaicin Darajar)
Tabbas
Matsakaicin shine ƙimar tsakiya a cikin tarin bayanai da aka tsara ta lambobi. Idan adadin dabi'u a cikin tarin bayanai baƙo ne, matsakaicin shine ƙimar tsakiya. Idan adadin dabi'u bai daidaita ba, matsakaicin shine matsakaicin dabi'u biyu na tsakiya.
Matakai don Lissafin Tsakiyar
1. Tsara Ƙimar: Shirya ƙimomin da ke cikin bayanan daga ƙarami zuwa babba.
2. Ƙayyade Adadin Ƙima: Ƙidaya adadin ƙima a cikin bayanan.
3. Nemo Matsakaicin Darajar:
– Idan adadin dabi'u ya kasance mai ban mamaki, matsakaicin shine ƙimar tsakiya.
– Idan adadin dabi'u ya daidaita, matsakaicin shine matsakaicin dabi'u biyu na tsakiya.
Misali na 1 (Jimillar Ƙimar da Ba ta Dace Ba):
Saitin Bayanai: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
– Tsara dabi'u: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
– Jimlar ƙima: 5 (na daban)
– Matsakaici: Ƙima ta 3 (7)
Saboda haka, matsakaicin wannan bayanai shine 8.
Misali na 2 (Ko da Adadin Ƙima):
Saitin Bayanai: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
– Tsara dabi'u: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
– Jimlar ƙima: 6 (daidai)
– Matsakaici: matsakaicin ƙimar 3 da 4 -> (6 + 8) / 2 = 7
Saboda haka, matsakaicin wannan bayanai shine 7.
Yanayi (Darajar da Aka Fi Fitowa)
Tabbas
Yanayin shine ƙimar da ta fi bayyana a cikin saitin bayanai. Tsarin bayanai na iya samun yanayi fiye da ɗaya ko ma babu yanayi kwata-kwata idan babu ƙima da ta bayyana fiye da sauran.
Matakai don Lissafi Yanayin
1. Lissafa Mita na Kowace Ƙima: Ƙayyade sau nawa kowace ƙima ta bayyana a cikin bayanan.
2. Gano Ƙimar da Mafi Girman Mita: Ƙimar da ta fi bayyana akai-akai ita ce yanayin.
Misali:
A ce muna da waɗannan bayanai: 4, 4, 5, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9.
– Lissafa mitar kowace ƙima:
– 4 ya bayyana sau 2
– 5 ya bayyana sau 1
– 7 ya bayyana sau 3
– 8 ya bayyana sau 1
– 9 ya bayyana sau 2
Saboda haka, yanayin wannan bayanan shine 7 saboda yana bayyana sau da yawa (sau 3).
Shari'o'i na Musamman
Babu Yanayin:
Idan kowace ƙima a cikin tarin bayanai ta bayyana da mita ɗaya, to babu yanayi. Misali: 2, 3, 4, 5.
Multimodal:
Idan dabi'u biyu ko fiye suka bayyana tare da mita ɗaya kuma wannan mitar ita ce mafi girma a cikin bayanan, to ana kiran bayanan da ake kira multimodal. Misali: 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 yana da yanayi biyu, wato 3 da 4.
Rarrabawar Rarrabawa:
– An yi masa gyara mai kyau: Ma'ana > Matsakaici > Yanayi
– An yi masa mummunan zato: Yanayi > Matsakaici > Matsakaici
Aikace-aikace da Iyakoki
Aikace-aikace
1. Ana amfani da matsakaicin a cikin yanayi inda kowace lamba a cikin bayanan bayanai take da mahimmanci kuma babu wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci da suka wuce gona da iri. Misali: ƙididdige matsakaicin maki na gwaji a cikin aji.
2. Matsakaicin yana da amfani idan bayanai sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ba na waje ba ko kuma rarrabawar ta kasance mai karkata sosai. Misali, gano matsakaicin farashin gida a wani yanki.
3. Sau da yawa ana amfani da yanayin a cikin bayanai ko bayanai na rukuni waɗanda ke da yawan mita na wani takamaiman ƙima. Misali, ƙayyade girman tufafi da aka fi sayarwa a shago.
Iyakance
– Matsakaicin yana da tasiri sosai daga masu waje, don haka ba koyaushe yake nuna ainihin 'cibiyar' bayanai tare da rarrabawar da ba ta dace ba.
– Matsakaicin ba ya la'akari da kowace ƙima a cikin bayanan, don haka ƙila ba ya nuna duk bayanan da ke cikin bayanan.
– Yanayin bazai bayar da cikakken hoto na bayanan ba, musamman idan duk dabi'u suna da mita ɗaya ko kuma akwai yanayi da yawa.
Kammalawa
Matsakaicin, matsakaici, da yanayin su ne ma'auni guda uku masu matuƙar amfani na yanayin tsakiya a cikin nazarin bayanai. Kowannensu yana da aikace-aikace da iyakoki daban-daban, kuma zaɓar wanda ya dace ya dogara da halayen bayanan da kuma tambayar nazari da ke hannunmu. Ta hanyar fahimtar yadda ake ƙididdigewa da lokacin da za a yi amfani da kowane ma'auni, za mu iya yanke shawara mai zurfi da kuma daidai bisa ga bayanai.
