Bayani Mai Ban Sha'awa Game da Vikings
Sau da yawa ana danganta Vikings da hotunan Turawan Arewacin Turai masu ƙarfi da gemu masu kauri da kwalkwali masu ƙaho. An san su da manyan matuƙan jiragen ruwa waɗanda suka kai hari suka kuma ci ƙasashe a zamanin Viking (kimanin 793–1066 CE). Duk da haka, wannan ra'ayi yana ɓoye ne kawai a saman al'adun Vikings da tarihinsu mai wadata. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu zurfafa cikin su waye Vikings da gaske da kuma wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda ba a san su sosai ba.
1. 'Yan Viking ba su sanya hular kwano mai ƙaho ba
Ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi mafi shahara game da Vikings shine cewa suna sanya kwalkwali mai ƙaho, amma wannan ba gaskiya bane. Babu wata shaidar kayan tarihi da ke nuna cewa Vikings suna sanya kwalkwali mai ƙaho a yaƙi. Kwalkwali mai lanƙwasa ba tare da ƙaho ba ya zama ruwan dare a wuraren Viking. Kwalkwali mai ƙaho wataƙila ƙirƙira ce daga baya, wacce aka yi amfani da ita a wasannin kwaikwayo da opera na ƙarni na 19 don nuna Vikings sosai.
2. Vikings Manoma ne da 'Yan Kasuwa, Ba 'Yan Ta'adda Kawai Ba
An san Vikings da mahara da jiragen ruwa, amma kuma sun kasance manoma masu ƙwarewa, masu sana'a, da 'yan kasuwa. Yawancin al'ummomin Viking suna zaune a gonaki da filayen noma. Suna noma alkama, sha'ir, da kayan lambu, kuma suna kiwon dabbobi kamar shanu, tumaki, da aladu. Saboda wannan tsarin noma mai ƙarfi, Vikings suna da albarkatun gona da yawa waɗanda za su iya kasuwanci da wasu al'ummomi, har ma da nesa kamar Byzantium da ƙasashen Larabawa.
3. Tasirin Viking akan Turanci
Turancin zamani yana da tasiri sosai a harshen Tsohon Norse da Vikings ke magana da shi. Kalmomin Turanci da yawa na yau da kullun, kamar "sama," "taga," da "wuka," sun fito ne daga Tsohon Norse. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma ɗauki ra'ayoyi da tsarin harshe da dama daga Vikings, wanda ke nuna tasirin al'adun Vikings akan ci gaban harshen Ingilishi.
4. An Bincike Kuma An Zauna a Yankuna Da Dama
A tsawon tarihin jarumtakarsu, Vikings sun yi bincike kuma sun zauna a ƙasashe masu nisa. Daga Scandinavia, sun yi tafiya zuwa Iceland, Greenland, har ma da Amurka. Leif Erikson, wani mai binciken Viking, an san shi a matsayin Bature na farko da ya isa nahiyar Arewacin Amurka, kimanin shekaru 500 kafin Christopher Columbus. Sun kuma kafa yankunan mulkin mallaka a Ireland, Ingila, da Normandy, Faransa.
5. Vikings Suna da Tsarin Shari'a Mai Sauƙi da Dimokuraɗiyya
Duk da sunansu na tashin hankali da yaƙi, Vikings a zahiri suna da tsarin shari'a da dimokuradiyya mai sauƙi wanda ake kira "Abu" ko "Althing." The Thing wani taro ne na majalisa inda membobi suka taru don tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa da kuma aiwatar da dokoki. Har ma ana ɗaukar Althing na Iceland a matsayin majalisar dokoki mafi tsufa a duniya, tun daga shekarar 930 AD kuma har yanzu tana aiki a yau.
6. Matsayin Matan Viking a cikin Al'umma
Matan Viking suna da haƙƙoƙi mafi girma fiye da mata a cikin al'ummomi da yawa a lokaci guda. Suna iya mallakar kadarori, su saki, da kuma yin noma da kasuwanci. Bayanai sun kuma nuna cewa wasu matan Viking sun shiga bincike da yaƙi, wanda aka sani da "masu garkuwa." Duk da cewa akwai muhawara game da yadda wannan rawar ta zama ruwan dare, binciken kayan tarihi na zamani ya gano kaburburan mata da aka binne da makamai da kayan tarihi na yaƙi.
7. Tatsuniyar Viking da Addini
Vikings suna yin addini mai cike da tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi. Suna bauta wa alloli kamar Odin, Thor, Freyja, da Loki. Waɗannan labaran tatsuniyoyi sun cika da jigogi na jarumtaka, kasada, da yaƙi tsakanin sojojin nagarta da mugunta. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ra'ayoyi na addininsu shine Valhalla, wurin da alloli ke bikin jaruman da suka mutu cikin jarumtaka a fagen daga.
8. Fasahar Ruwa Mai Ci Gaba
Ana san Vikings a matsayin ƙwararrun matuƙan jiragen ruwa, waɗanda ke iya sarrafa manyan tekuna a cikin jiragen ruwa da ake kira dogayen jiragen ruwa. An ƙera jiragen ruwan Viking na ƙwararru; dogaye, kunkuntar, da kuma nauyi mai sauƙi, wanda ke ba su damar yin tafiya cikin sauri a cikin tekuna da koguna marasa zurfi. Wannan fasahar teku mai ci gaba ta bai wa Vikings babbar fa'ida wajen bincike da kai hari nesa da ƙasarsu.
9. Fasaha da Sana'o'in Viking
An san Vikings a matsayin ƙwararrun ma'aikata. Sun ƙera kayayyaki masu zurfi daga ƙarfe, itace, yadi, da ƙashi. Kayan ado na Viking, kamar su brooches, zobba, da munduwa, ana daraja su sosai kuma galibi ana yi musu ado da siffofi na musamman na Norse. Hakanan ana yi wa jiragen ruwansu ado da sassaka masu rikitarwa, wanda ke nuna cewa kyawawan halaye da alfaharin al'adu muhimman abubuwa ne na rayuwarsu.
10. Ƙarshen Zamanin Viking
Zamanin Vikings ya fara ɓacewa a ƙarni na 11 bayan fitowar rundunonin siyasa da na soja a Turai, da kuma tasirin Kiristanci, wanda ya kawo manyan canje-canje a al'adunsu da salon rayuwarsu. Vikings sun ƙara shiga cikin al'ummar Turai, kuma daga ƙarshe, asalinsu a matsayin mutanen da ke tafiya a teku ya ɓace a hankali.
Sanin waɗannan abubuwan ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Vikings al'umma ce mai sarkakiya da fannoni daban-daban. Sun fi kawai masu kai hari da masu bincike; manoma ne, 'yan kasuwa, masu sana'a, kuma membobin al'umma mai wadataccen tsarin shari'a da al'adu. Kishin ƙasa, jarumtaka, da kirkire-kirkirensu sun bar babban tabo a tarihin ɗan adam, abin tarihi da har yanzu ake tunawa da shi kuma ana nazari a kai a yau.
