Yadda Ake Yin Rediyo Mai Tushen Raspberry Pi
Rediyo na iya yin kama da wata fasaha ta "tsohuwa", amma wannan shine ainihin abin sha'awa: mai sauƙi, abin dogaro, kuma har yanzu yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga ayyukan nishaɗi da na ilimi. Tare da Raspberry Pi, zaku iya ƙirƙirar rediyo ta zamani mai sassauƙa - yana iya zama rediyo mai yawo ta intanet, na'urar kunna kiɗa ta gida, ko ma (tare da ƙarin module) rediyon FM. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi yadda ake gina rediyo mai tushen Raspberry Pi ta hanya mai amfani, daga saitin kayan aiki zuwa tsarin software.
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1. Ra'ayin Rediyon da aka gina da Raspberry Pi
Gabaɗaya, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:
1. Rediyon Intanet (Yawo)
Raspberry Pi yana kunna watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo daga intanet ta hanyar Wi-Fi/Ethernet. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi yawan amfani, domin ba ta buƙatar wani kayan aikin RF na musamman.
2. Rediyon FM/AM (tare da na'urar zaɓi)
Yana buƙatar tsarin mai gyara (misali, mai karɓar FM ta hanyar I2C/SPI) ko na'urar Radio da aka Bayyana ta Software (SDR). Tsarin ya fi rikitarwa kuma galibi ya dogara da na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita.
A cikin wannan labarin, babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne Rediyon Intanet domin shi ne mafi sauƙin amfani ga masu farawa kuma ya dace da ƙirƙira cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
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2. Kayan aiki da ake buƙata
Ga jerin abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar:
– Raspberry Pi (Pi 3/4/Zero 2 W an ba da shawarar)
– MicroSD mafi ƙarancin 8–16 GB
- Tushen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi (5V, na yanzu bisa ga samfurin Pi)
- Haɗin Intanet (Wi-Fi ko kebul na LAN)
– Fitowar sauti:
- Masu magana masu aiki ta hanyar jack ɗin 3.5mm (a kan samfuran da aka tallafa), ko
– Lasifika/amplifier na USB, ko
- HAT ɗin sauti na DAC (zaɓi ne, mafi inganci)
- Saka idanu & madannai (don saitin farko) ko damar shiga SSH
- Akwatin aikin/akwati (zaɓi ne, don tsafta)
Idan kana son rediyo mai sarrafa na'urar lantarki, zaka iya ƙarawa:
- Maɓallin turawa, mai rikodin juyawa, ko allon OLED/LCD.
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3. Shigar da Tsarin Aiki na Raspberry Pi
1. Sauke kuma shigar da Raspberry Pi Imager akan PC/kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka.
2. Saka microSD, sannan ka kunna Raspberry Pi OS Lite (ba tare da tebur ba) don amfani mai inganci, ko kuma sigar Desktop idan kana son hanyar zane.
3. Kafin rubuta hoton, zaka iya saitawa:
- Wi-Fi (SSID & kalmar sirri)
– Sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri
– Kunna SSH
4. Ka kunna Raspberry Pi ɗin sannan ka tabbatar intanet ɗin tana aiki.
Bayan shiga cikin tsarin, sabunta fakitin:
"Bash
sudo apt sabuntawa
sudo apt hažaka -y
““
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4. Saita Sauti akan Raspberry Pi
Duba na'urorin sauti da aka gano:
"Bash
wasa -l
““
Idan kana amfani da sauti ta hanyar HDMI ko jack (ya danganta da samfurin), zaka iya zaɓar fitarwa ta asali. Wasu nau'ikan Raspberry Pi OS zasu saita saitunan sauti ta atomatik, amma zaka iya gwada fitarwa ta hanyar:
"Bash
gwajin lasifika -t wav -c 2
““
Idan kana amfani da katin sauti na USB ko DAC HAT, yawanci zai bayyana a matsayin sabuwar na'ura. Tabbatar cewa fitowarka daidai ce don jin rediyon.
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5. Shigar da Na'urar kunna rediyo ta Intanet (MPD + MPC)
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa shine amfani da MPD (Music Player Daemon) don kunna sauti da MPC azaman mai sarrafawa daga tashar.
Shigar da kunshin:
"Bash
sudo apt shigar -y mpd mpc
““
Tabbatar cewa MPD yana aiki:
"Bash
sudo systemctl kunna mpd
sudo systemctl fara mpd
““
Duba yanayin:
"Bash
yanayin systemctl mpd
““
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6. Ƙara Jerin Tashoshin Rediyo
MPD na iya kunna rafukan URL. Kuna iya ƙara tashoshin rediyo zuwa jerin waƙoƙin MPD.
Misali na ƙara radiyo ɗaya:
"Bash
mpc ƙara http://streamurl-radio-anda:8000/stream
““
Sai a yi wasa:
"Bash
wasan mpc
““
Don duba jerin:
"Bash
jerin waƙoƙin mpc
““
Ƙirƙiri Jerin Waƙoƙin Tashar da Aka Fi So
Za ka iya ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin jerin waƙoƙin `.m3u`:
1. Ƙirƙiri babban fayil na jerin waƙoƙi (idan babu shi tukuna):
"Bash
mkdir -p ~/jerin waƙoƙi
““
2. Ƙirƙiri fayil:
"Bash
nano ~/jerin waƙoƙi/radio.m3u
““
3. Cika wasu URLs na yawo, misali:
““
http://example.com/stream1
http://example.com/stream2
http://example.com/stream3
““
Ƙara su zuwa MPD ta hanyar loda su daban-daban ko kuma ta hanyar saita kundin waƙoƙin MPD/jerin waƙoƙi. Hanya mai sauri: ƙara su kai tsaye daga fayil (zaɓi ya danganta da tsarin MPD ɗinku), ko kwafi jerin waƙoƙin zuwa babban fayil ɗin jerin waƙoƙin MPD ɗinku (yawanci `/var/lib/mpd/jerin waƙoƙi/`).
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7. Tsarin MPD don Ya Fi Dacewa da Rediyo
Gyara tsarin MPD:
"Bash
sudo nano /etc/mpd.conf
““
Wasu muhimman sassa:
– Tabbatar cewa fitowar sauti daidai ne. Misalai na yau da kullun:
"`conf
fitowar_ odiyo {
rubuta "alsa"
suna "ALSA Output"
nau'in mixer_type "software"
}
““
- Kuna iya saita buffer don sa yawo ya fi kwanciyar hankali (zaɓi ne, ya danganta da yanayin hanyar sadarwa).
Da zarar an gama, sake kunna MPD:
"Bash
sudo systemctl sake kunnawa mpd
““
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8. Sanya Rediyon Yana Kunnawa Ta atomatik a Lokacin Farawa
Domin Raspberry Pi ya kunna rediyon nan da nan bayan ya kunna:
1. Ƙirƙiri rubutu mai sauƙi, misali:
"Bash
nano ~/start-radio.sh
““
Abubuwan da ke ciki:
"Bash
!/bin/bash
barci 5
bayyanannen mpc
mpc ƙara http://streamurl-radio-anda:8000/stream
girma na mpc 70
wasan mpc
““
Ajiye sannan ka ba da izinin aiwatarwa:
"Bash
chmod +x ~/start-radio.sh
““
2. Ƙirƙiri sabis na tsarin aiki:
"Bash
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/radio.service
““
Abubuwan da ke ciki:
"`wannan
[Naúrar]
Bayani=Kunna Rediyo Kai Tsaye
Bayan=network-online.target mpd.service
Yana so=network-online.target
[Sabis]
Mai amfani = pi
ExecStart=/home/pi/start-radio.sh
Sake kunnawa=kan- gazawa
[Shigar]
WantedBy = multi-user.target
““
Kunna:
"Bash
sudo systemctl daemon-sake saukewa
sudo systemctl kunna radio.service
sudo systemctl fara rediyo.service
““
Lura: idan sunan mai amfani ba `pi` bane, daidaita hanyar da kuma `User=`.
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9. Ƙara Sarrafawa (Zaɓi ne)
Domin ya ji kamar rediyo ne na gaske, za ka iya ƙara sarrafa jiki:
– Maɓallin Na Gaba/Na Baya don canza tashoshi:
– `mpc na gaba`
– `mpc na baya`
– Maɓallin Kunnawa/Tsaya:
- 'mpc canza'
– `mpc tasha`
- Mai rikodin juyawa don girma:
– `mpc girma +5`
– `mpc girma -5`
Don aiwatar da maɓallan, zaku iya amfani da Python (GPIO) kuma ku kira umarnin 'mpc'. Wannan haɗin yana da matuƙar shahara saboda yana da sauƙi kuma yana da sauƙin haɓakawa.
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10. Nasihu kan Ci gaba da Magance Matsaloli
Wasu matsaloli da aka saba fuskanta da kuma hanyoyin magance su:
1. Babu sauti
– Tabbatar cewa fitowar sauti daidai ne (na'urar ALSA).
– Gwada canza lasifika/katin sauti na USB.
– Tabbatar da cewa girman ba 0 ba ne: `mpc girma 80`
2. Yawo yana faruwa ne a lokaci-lokaci
- Yi amfani da haɗin LAN idan zai yiwu.
- Ƙara jinkiri kafin kunnawa a lokacin kunnawa (`barci 5` ko `barci 10`).
- Zaɓi ƙaramin kwararar bitrate.
3. MPD ba zai iya kunna URL ba
– Yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa URL ɗin daidai ne kuma ana iya buɗe shi daga wannan hanyar sadarwa.
– Tabbatar cewa fakitin tallafi suna samuwa (yawanci sun isa akan sabon tsarin Raspberry Pi).
4. Kuna son ƙarin hanyar sadarwa ta "rediyo"
- Shigar da frontend kamar ncmpcpp (tashar UI), ko ƙirƙirar UI mai sauƙi na yanar gizo.
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Penutup
Gina rediyo mai tushen Raspberry Pi aiki ne mai daɗi da lada. Ta hanyar haɗa MPD da MPC, zaku iya ƙirƙirar rediyo mai ɗorewa ta intanet wanda ke farawa ta atomatik bayan an kunna shi, kuma ana iya faɗaɗa shi cikin sauƙi don haɗawa da na'urori masu maɓallan zahiri, ƙaramin allo, har ma da akwati na musamman. Da zarar kun sami sigar asali, zaku iya ɗaukar mataki gaba: ƙara allon OLED don nuna sunayen tasha, ƙirƙirar menu da aka riga aka saita, ko ma ƙara module mai gyara don rediyon FM.
Idan kana so, zan iya ci gaba da ƙarin sigogi na musamman: misali jerin tashoshin rediyo na Indonesiya (URL), misali lambar Python don sauya GPIO, ko jagora kan amfani da HAT na DAC don ingantaccen ingancin sauti.
