Faɗaɗawar zafi - matsaloli da mafita

Faɗaɗawar zafi - matsaloli da mafita

Faɗaɗa yanki

1. Takardar ƙarfe a 20 ^oC tana da girma kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Idan ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi na ƙarfe shine 10 ^{-5 oC -1} to menene canjin yankin a 60 ^oC.

An sani:

Tsawon ƙarfe = 40 cm

Faɗin ƙarfe = 20 cm

Farkon yankin ƙarfe (A _o ) = (40)(20) = 800 cm ²

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi (α) = 10 ^{-5 o} C ^-1

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa yanki (β) = ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi na 2 x (2α) = 2 x 10 ^{-5 o} C ^-1

Sauyin yanayin zafi (ΔT) = 60 ^o C – 20 ^o C = 40 ^o C

Ana so: Canjin yankin ƙarfe a zafin 60 ^oC

Magani:

Daidaito na faɗaɗa yanki:

ΔA = βA _o ΔT

ΔA = ƙaruwar yankin ƙarfe, β = Ma'aunin faɗaɗa yanki, A _o = yankin farko, ΔT = canjin zafin jiki = zafin jiki na ƙarshe - zafin farko

Karuwar yankin ƙarfe:

ΔA = βA _o ΔT

ΔA = (2 x 10 ^-5 ) (800) (40) = 0.64 cm

2. An nuna farantin ƙarfe a 20 ^oC a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa . Idan zafin ya tashi zuwa 100 ^oC kuma ma'aunin faɗaɗa ƙarfen layi shine 1.1 x 10 ^{-7 oC -1} , to menene yankin ƙarshe na farantin.

An sani:

Tsawon farantin = mita 2

Faɗin farantin = mita 2

Yankin farko na ƙarfe (Ao ₎ = (2)(2) = 4 ^m2

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi don ƙarfe (α) = 1.1 x 10 ^{-7 o} C ^-1

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa yanki na ƙarfe (β) = 2 x ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi na ƙarfe (2α) = 2.2 x 10 ^{-7 o} C ^-1

Sauyin yanayin zafi (ΔT) = 100 ^o C – 20 ^o C = 80 ^o C

Ana nema : Yankin ƙarfe a zafin 100 ^oC

Magani:

Ƙara tsawon:

ΔA = βA _o ΔT

ΔA = (2.2 x 10 ^-7 )(4)(80) = 704 x 10 ^-7 = 0,0000704 ^m2

Yankin ƙarfe:

Yankin ƙarfe = yankin farko + ƙaruwar yankin

Yankin ƙarfe = 4 m ² + 0.0000704 m ²

Fadin ƙarfe = 4.0000704 ^m2

3. Farantin tagulla mai ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi α = 18.10 ^{-6 o} C ^-1 a 0 ^o C yana da girma kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Idan an dumama farantin a 80 ^o C, to menene ƙaruwar yankin farantin.

An sani:

Tsawon tagulla = 40 cm = mita 0.4

Faɗin tagulla = 20 cm = mita 0.2

Yankin farko na tagulla (A _o ) = (0.4)(0.2) = 0.08 m ²

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi don tagulla (α) = 18 x 10 ^{-6 o} C ^-1

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa yanki na tagulla (β) = 2 x Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi (2α) = 36 x 10 ^{-6 o} C ^-1

Sauyin yanayin zafi (ΔT) = 80 ^o C – 0 ^o C = 80 ^o C

Ana Neman: Ƙara yawan yankin tagulla a 80 ^oC

Magani:

Ƙara yawan yankin tagulla:

ΔA = βA _o ΔT

ΔA = (36 x 10 ^{-6 )} (0.08)(80) = 230.4 x 10 ^-6 = 2.304 x 10 ^-4 m2

Fadada ƙara

4. Akwatin gilashi mai girman lita 4 cike da ruwa, sannan a dumama shi har sai yawan zafin jiki ya kai 20 ^oC . An zubar da ruwa. Adadin faɗaɗawa mai layi don gilashi = 9 x 10 ^{-6 oC -1} ; adadin faɗaɗawa mai yawa don ruwa = 2.1 x 10 ^{-4 oC -1} . A tantance yawan ruwan da ya zube.

An sani:

Girman farko na iskar gas da ruwa (Vo ₎ = lita 4

Ƙara yawan zafin gilashin da ruwa (ΔT) = 20 ^oC

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi don gilashi (α) = 9 x 10 ^{-6 o} C ^-1

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma na gilashi (γ) = 3α = 3 (9 x 10 ^{-6 o} C ^-1 ) = 27 x 10 ^{-6 o} C ^-1

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma na ruwa (γ) = 2.1 x 10 ^{-4 o} C ^-1

Ana so: Yawan ruwan da ya zube

Magani:

Daidaiton faɗaɗa girma:

V = Vo ₊ γ Vo _o ΔT

V – V _o = γ V _o ΔT

ΔV = γ V _o ΔT

V = ƙarar ƙarshe , V _o = ƙarar farko , ΔV = canjin girma , γ = ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma , ΔT = canjin zafin jiki.

Canjin girma na akwatin gilashin:

ΔV = γ V _o ΔT = (27 x 10 ^-6 )(4)(20) = 2160 x 10 ^-6 = 2.160 x 10 ^-3 = lita 0.002160

Canjin ruwa a cikin ruwa:

ΔV = γ V _o ΔT = (2.1 x 10 ^-4 )(4)(20) = 168 x 10 ^-4 = lita 0.0168

Sauyin da ake samu a cikin ruwan ya fi na gilashin girma, don haka wasu ruwa kan zube.

Yawan ruwan da aka zubar:

Lita 0.0168 – Lita 0.002160 = Lita 0.01464 = Lita 0.015

5. Akwatin ƙarfe (ma'aunin faɗaɗawa mai layi = 10 ^{-5 o} C ^-1 ) tare da girman lita 6 cike da acetone (ma'aunin faɗaɗawa mai girma = 1.5 x 10 ^{-3 o} C ^-1 ). Idan an yi zafi da akwati da acetone daga 0 ^o C zuwa 40 ^o C, menene girman acetone da ya zube?

An sani:

Girman farko na akwati da acetone (Vo ₎ = lita 6

Canjin zafin akwati da acetone (ΔT) = 40 ^oC

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi na ƙarfe (α) = 10 ^{-5 o} C ^-1

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma na ƙarfe (γ) = 3α = 3 (10 ^{-5 o} C ^-1 ) = 3 x 10 ^{-5 o} C ^-1

Ma'aunin faɗaɗa ƙarar acetone (γ) = 1.5 x 10 ^{-3 o} C ^-1

Ana so: Yawan acetone da ya zube

Magani:

Daidaiton faɗaɗa girma:

ΔV = γ V _o ΔT

ΔV = canjin girma , γ = ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma , Vo ₌ ƙarar farko , ΔT = canjin zafin jiki.

Canjin girma na akwatin ƙarfe:

ΔV = γ V _o ΔT = (3 x 10 ^-5 )(6)(40) = 720 x 10 ^-5 = lita 0.00720

Canje-canje a cikin adadin acetone a cikin fitsari:

ΔV = γ V _o ΔT = (1.5 x 10 ^-3 )(6)(40) = 360 x 10 ^-3 = lita 0.360

Sauyin da ake samu a cikin ƙarar acetone ya fi na ƙarfe girma , don haka wasu ƙwayoyin acetone suna da yawa.

Yawan acetone ya faɗi:

Lita 0.360 – Lita 0.00720 = Lita 0.3528 = Lita 0.35

1. Menene faɗaɗawar zafi?
   • amsa: Faɗaɗawar zafi tana nufin yanayin da abu ke canzawa a girmansa sakamakon canjin zafin jiki.
2. Ta yaya faɗaɗawar zafi ke shafar yawan abu?
   • amsa: Yayin da wani abu ke fuskantar faɗaɗawar zafi, ƙarar sa tana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar yawansa, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa nauyinsa yana nan daram.
3. Me yasa akwai gibi tsakanin sassan gadoji da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa?
   • amsa: Waɗannan gibin, waɗanda galibi ake kira haɗin gwiwa na faɗaɗawa, an tsara su ne don ɗaukar nauyin faɗaɗa da matsewar kayan saboda canjin yanayin zafi, wanda ke hana yuwuwar lalacewa ko lalacewa.
4. Menene bambanci tsakanin faɗaɗa yanki (linear), volumetric (volumetric), da kuma faɗaɗa yanki (season)?
   • amsa: Faɗaɗa layi yana nufin canjin girma ɗaya (kamar tsawon sanda); faɗaɗa yanki yana nufin canjin girma biyu (kamar yankin saman takarda); kuma faɗaɗa girma yana da alaƙa da canjin dukkan girma uku (kamar girman ruwa).
5. Ta yaya ake tantance ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi?
   • amsa: An bayyana shi a matsayin canjin juzu'i a tsawon kowane digiri canjin zafin jiki a cikin matsin lamba akai-akai. Ga wani abu, canjin tsayi (∆L) sakamakon canjin zafin jiki (∆T) ana bayar da shi ta hanyar ∆L=αL₀​∆T, inda L₀​ shine tsawon farko kuma $\alpha$ shine ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi.
6. Me yasa sandunan bimetallic ke lanƙwasawa idan an dumama su ko kuma aka sanyaya su?
   • amsa: Zaren bimetallic ya ƙunshi ƙarfe biyu daban-daban da aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya. Tunda kowane ƙarfe yana da nasa ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi, suna faɗaɗawa ko ƙunƙuwa a matakai daban-daban lokacin da zafin jiki ya canza. Wannan faɗaɗawar bambancin yana sa zaren ya lanƙwasa.
7. Ta yaya lamarin faɗaɗa zafin jiki yake da alaƙa da hauhawar matakan teku?
   • amsa: Wani ɓangare na hauhawar matakan teku ana iya danganta shi da faɗaɗa zafin ruwan teku. Yayin da zafin duniya ke ƙaruwa, tekuna suna ɗumamawa, wanda ke haifar da faɗaɗa ruwa da kuma ƙaruwar matakan teku.
8. Me ke faruwa a cikin "faɗaɗar ruwa ta rashin tsari"?
   • amsa: Ba kamar yawancin abubuwa ba, ruwa yana faɗaɗa yayin da yake sanyi daga 4°C zuwa 0°C, sannan ya kwanta lokacin da ya daskare. Wannan rashin daidaituwa yana nufin cewa ruwa yana da matsakaicin yawansa a 4°C. Shi ya sa ƙanƙara (wanda ba shi da yawa kamar ruwan ruwa) ke yawo a kan ruwa.
9. Me yasa faɗaɗa zafi yake da mahimmanci a fannin injiniyanci da gini?
   • amsa: Kayan aiki suna faɗaɗa ko ƙunƙulewa yayin da yanayin zafi ke canzawa. Ba tare da la'akari da faɗaɗa zafin ba, gine-gine na iya fuskantar damuwa, nakasa, ko gazawa. Injiniyoyin da masu gine-gine suna haɗa fasalulluka na ƙira don magance waɗannan canje-canje cikin aminci.
10. Za a iya juyar da faɗaɗawar zafi?

• amsa: Eh, yawanci idan aka sanyaya abu, zai fuskanci matsewar zafi, wanda hakan akasin faɗaɗa zafi ne. Matakin da yanayin wannan matsewar zai dogara ne akan kayan da yanayin.