Haɗuwar Momentum ta Impulse - Matsaloli da Magani

Haɗuwar Momentum ta Impulse - Matsaloli da Magani

1. Harsashin roba mai nauyin gram 40 ya harba a kwance a bango, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa. Harsashin yana nuna a daidai wannan gudun. Menene canjin saurin ƙwallon?

An sani:

Nauyi (m) = gram 40 = 0.04 kg

Saurin farko (v _o ) = – 50 m/s

Saurin ƙarshe (v _t ) = 50 m/s

Alkiblar matsar da ƙwallon (alkiblar gudu) akasin haka ne, don haka saurin farko da saurin ƙarshe suna da alamun akasin haka.

Ana so: Sauyin motsin ƙwallon

Magani:

Canjin da ke faruwa a lokacin:

Δp = m (v _t – v _o ) = (0.04)(50 – (-50)) = (0.04)(50 + 50)

Δp = (0.04)(100) = Ns 4

2. An jefa ƙwallon roba mai nauyin gram 75 a kwance don ya bugi bango, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa. Ana nuna ƙwallon a daidai wannan gudun. Menene motsin.

An sani:

Nauyin ƙwallon (m) = gram 75 = 0.075 kg

Saurin farko (v _o ) = -20 m/s

Saurin ƙarshe (v _t ) = 20 m/s

Alkiblar matsar da ƙwallon (alkiblar gudu) akasin haka ne, don haka saurin farko da saurin ƙarshe suna da alamun akasin haka.

Ana so: Impulse

Magani:

Impulse = Canjin motsi

I = Δp

I = m (v _t – v _o ) = 0.075 (20 – (-20)) = 0.075 (20 + 20) = 0.075 (40)

I = 3 N s = 3 Newton daƙiƙa

Cikakkiyar karo mai roba

3. Kwallaye biyu, A da B, suna kusantar juna a kan jirgin sama mai kwance. Gudun ƙwallon A, v _A = 4 m/s da kuma gudun ƙwallon B, v _B = 6 m/s. Haɗarin yana da cikakkiyar roba. Gudun abin B bayan haɗari shine 4 m/s. Menene saurin ƙwallon A bayan haɗari.

An sani:

Nauyin ƙwallon A (m)_A) = m

Nauyin ƙwallon B (m _B ) = m

Gudun ƙwallon A kafin karo (v _A ) = 4 m/s

Gudun ƙwallon B kafin karo (v _B ) = 6 m/s

Gudun ƙwallon B bayan karo (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Ana nema: Saurin ƙwallon A bayan karo (v _A ')

Magani:

Yawan ƙwallo iri ɗaya ne, don haka:

Gudun ƙwallon A kafin karo (v _A ) = saurin ƙwallon B bayan karo (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Gudun ƙwallon B kafin karo (v _B ) = saurin ƙwallon A bayan karo (v _A ') = 6 m/s

Haɗuwa Mai Rage Ragewa

4. Abubuwa biyu masu nauyi iri ɗaya suna motsawa a layi madaidaiciya suna kusantar juna, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Idan v ₂ shine saurin abu 2, bayan karo zuwa dama a 5 ms ^-1 , to saurin abu (1) bayan karo shine…

An sani:

Nauyin abu = m

Gudun abu 1 kafin karo (v ₁ ) = 8 m/s

Gudun abu na 2 kafin karo (v ₂ ) = 10 m/s

Gudun abu na 2 bayan karo (v ₂ ') = 5 m/s

Ana nema: Saurin abu na 1 bayan karo (v ₁ ')

Magani:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = m ₁ v ₁ '+ m ₂ v ₂ '

m (v ₁ + v ₂ ) = m (v ₁ '+ v ₂ ')

v ₁ + v ₂ = v ₁ ' + v ₂ '

8 + 10 = v ₁ ' + 5

18 = v ₁ ' + 5

v ₁ ' = 18-5

v ₁ ' = 13 m/s

5. Abu A mai nauyin kilogiram 4 da abu B mai nauyin kilogiram 5 suna kusantar junansu a kan jirgin sama mai kwance kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa. Bayan karo, saurin ƙwallon A = 4 m/s da saurin ƙwallon B = 2 m/s. Menene saurin ƙwallon B kafin karo.

An sani:

Nauyin abu A (m)_A) = 4 kg

Nauyin abu BB (m _B ) = 5 kg

Gudun abu A kafin karo (v _A ) = 6 m/s

Gudun abu A bayan karo (v _A ') = 4 m/s

Gudun abu B bayan karo (v _B ') = -2 m/s

Alamun ƙari da raguwa suna nuna cewa ƙwallo suna da alkibla akasin haka.

Ana nema: Saurin ƙwallon B kafin karo (v _B )

Magani:

m _A v _A + m _B v _B = m _A v _A ' + m _B v _B '

(4)(6) + (5)(-2) = (4)(4) + (5)(v _B ')

24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v _B ')

14 – 16 = 5 (v _B ')

-2 = 5 (v _B ')

v _B ' = -2/5

v _B ' = -0.4

Alamar da aka rage tana nuna cewa alkiblar ƙwallon bayan karo tana akasin alkiblar ƙwallon kafin karo.

A cikin Karo na Roba

6. Kwallo mai nauyin kilogiram 2 da ƙwallon kilogiram 1 suna fuskantar juna a kan jirgin sama mai kwance, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.

Gudun ƙwallon 1, v ₁ = 2 ms ^-1 da saurin ƙwallon 2, v ₂ = 4 ms ^-1 . Bayan karo, duka biyun sun manne tare. Menene saurin bayan karo?

An sani:

Nauyin ƙwallon 1 (m)₁) = 2 kg

Nauyin ƙwallon 2 (m2 ₎ = 1 kg

Gudun ƙwallo 1 kafin karo (v ₁ ) = 2 m/s

Gudun ƙwallo na 2 kafin karo (v ₂ ) = -4 m/s

Alkiblar da ƙwallon ke bi (alkiblar gudu) akasin haka ne, don haka saurin ƙwallon 1 da saurin ƙwallon 2 suna da alamun da suka saba wa juna.

Ana nema: Saurin gudu bayan karo (v')

Magani:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v'

(2)(2) + (1)(-4) = (2 + 1) v'

4 – 4 = (3) v'

0 = (3) v'

v' = 0

1. Menene ka'idar motsin motsin rai (pulse-momentum theorem)?

Amsa: Ka'idar motsin motsin rai ta bayyana cewa motsin da aka yi wa abu daidai yake da canjin motsinsa. A fannin lissafi, $Implse=F\times \Delta t=\Delta p$ , inda $F$ shine matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi, $\Delta \; tshine$$lokacin$ da ake amfani da ƙarfin, kuma $\Delta p$ shine canjin motsin rai.

2. Ta yaya ake amfani da ƙa'idar kiyaye ƙarfin motsi yayin karo?

Amsa: A cikin tsarin da aka keɓe (babu ƙarfin waje), jimlar ƙarfin da ke gaban karo daidai yake da jimlar ƙarfin da ke bayan karo. Wannan gaskiya ne ga duka karo na roba da na inelastic.

3. Bambance tsakanin karo mai roba da wanda ba ya sassautawa.

Amsa: A cikin karo na roba, ana adana kuzarin motsi da kuzarin motsi. Wannan yana nufin cewa jimlar kuzarin motsi kafin karo daidai yake da jimlar kuzarin motsi bayan karo. A cikin karo na inelastic, yayin da ake kiyaye kuzarin motsi, ba lallai bane a adana kuzarin motsi, kuma wasu na iya canzawa zuwa wasu nau'ikan makamashi kamar zafi ko sauti.

4. Me yasa ƙwallon da ke tsalle daga ƙarshe ke daina tsalle idan ta faɗi daga wani tsayi?

Amsa: Ko da yake ƙwallon yana fuskantar kusan karo mai laushi da ƙasa, ba duk kuzarin motsinsa ne ke mayar da shi makamashi mai yuwuwa ba. Wasu kuzarin suna ɓacewa zuwa wasu siffofi kamar zafi, sauti, da nakasa a cikin ƙwallon. Sakamakon haka, da kowace juyi, tsayin yana raguwa har sai ƙwallon ta tsaya a ƙarshe.

5. Ta yaya motsin rai yake da alaƙa da canjin gudu?

Amsa: Impulse samfurin matsakaicin ƙarfi ne da kuma lokacin da yake aiki akan abu. Idan aka yi la'akari da ka'idar impulse-momentum, impulse daidai yake da canjin motsi. Ga abu mai yawan taro akai-akai, momentum ( $p)shinetaro$$($ m $)\times velocityy(v).Sabodahaka,$ canjin motsi yana fassara zuwa canjin gudu.

6. A cikin hatsarin mota biyu inda motocin biyu suka tsaya cak, shin har yanzu ana kiyaye saurin gudu?

Amsa: Eh, har yanzu ana kiyaye ƙarfin motar. Jimillar ƙarfin motar biyu kafin haɗarin zai yi daidai da jimillar ƙarfin motar bayan haɗarin. Tunda motocin biyu sun tsaya, ƙarfin motarsu ɗaya ɗaya ne, amma ƙarfin motarsu ɗaya ne har yanzu iri ɗaya ne da na kafin haɗarin.

7. Ta yaya motsin da jakar iska ke fitarwa a cikin mota ke rage tasirin da ke kan fasinja yayin karo?

Amsa: Jakar iska tana ƙara lokacin da fasinja ke raguwa. Ta hanyar tsawaita lokacin, matsakaicin ƙarfin da fasinja ke fuskanta (saboda ka'idar motsin motsi) yana raguwa, don haka rage haɗarin rauni.

8. Me yasa 'yan wasa ke yin "birgima" lokacin da suke sauka daga wani babban tsayi?

Amsa: Ta hanyar birgima a kan saukowa, ɗan wasa yana ƙara tsawon lokacin tasirin. Wannan tsawon lokacin yana rage matsakaicin ƙarfin da ake ji yayin saukarwa, yana rage haɗarin rauni. Aiwatar da ka'idar motsin motsin rai ne a rayuwa ta ainihi.

9. Ta yaya yanayin motsi yake da alaƙa da dokar motsi ta uku ta Newton?

Amsa: Dokar Newton ta uku ta bayyana cewa ga kowane aiki, akwai amsawar daidai da akasin haka. A cikin karo, abu ɗaya yana yin ƙarfi a kan na biyu, na biyu kuma yana yin ƙarfi daidai da akasin haka a kan na farko. Wannan yana nufin canjin motsi (ko motsin rai) da abu ɗaya ke fuskanta daidai yake da girma da kuma akasin haka a alkiblar ɗayan abu, yana tabbatar da kiyaye motsi.

10. Ta yaya kusurwar faruwar karo ke shafar saurin abubuwan da suka yi karo da juna?

Amsa: Kusurwar da ke faruwa na iya tantance alkiblar saurin da ke faruwa bayan karo. A cikin karo mai girma biyu, dole ne a yi amfani da kiyaye ƙarfin motsi daban-daban ga abubuwan da ke kwance da kuma a tsaye. Dangane da kusurwar karo da halayen abubuwan, wannan na iya haifar da sakamako daban-daban dangane da alkibla da girman saurin da ke faruwa.

1. Menene alaƙar da ke tsakanin motsin rai da ƙarfin rai?
   • Amsa: Impus shine canjin motsi na abu. A fannin lissafi, pulse shine samfurin ƙarfi da lokacin da yake aiki, kuma daidai yake da canjin motsi.
2. Ta yaya kiyaye ƙarfin motsi zai shafi karo?
   • Amsa: A cikin tsarin da aka keɓe (inda babu wani ƙarfin waje da ke aiki), jimlar ƙarfin da ke gaban karo daidai yake da jimlar ƙarfin da ke bayan karo. Wannan shine ka'idar kiyaye ƙarfin.
3. Bambance tsakanin karo na roba da na rashin daidaituwa.
   • Amsa: A cikin karo na roba, ana adana kuzarin motsi da kuzarin motsi. A cikin karo na inelastic, yayin da ake kiyaye ƙarfin motsi, makamashin motsi ba shi da shi. Cikakkun ci gaban inelastic wani yanki ne inda abubuwa ke mannewa tare bayan karo.
4. Me yasa ƙwallon da ke tsalle daga ƙarshe ke daina tsalle idan aka yi ta faɗuwa akai-akai?
   • Amsa: Babu karo da yake da cikakkiyar roba saboda abubuwa kamar juriyar iska da kuzarin nakasa. Da kowace juyi, wasu daga cikin kuzarin motsi na ƙwallon yana canzawa zuwa wasu siffofi, kamar zafi, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan juyi da ƙananan juyi har sai ya tsaya.
5. Ta yaya motsin iska ke rage yiwuwar rauni yayin haɗarin mota?
   • Amsa: Jakar iska tana ƙara tsawon lokacin karo. Ta hanyar yin hakan, tana rage matsakaicin ƙarfin da ake yi wa fasinja, don haka tana rage haɗarin rauni.
6. Me yasa ya fi sauƙi a kama ɗanyen ƙwai ta hanyar motsa hannunka da motsin ƙwai lokacin kamawa maimakon riƙe hannunka a tsaye?
   • Amsa: Ta hanyar motsa hannunka da motsin ƙwai, kana ƙara lokacin buguwa. Wannan yana rage matsakaicin ƙarfin da ke kan ƙwai, yana sa ya zama da wuya ya karye.
7. Ta yaya ƙwararren mai karate zai karya allo ko tubali da hannunsa ba tare da ya ji wa kansa rauni ba?
   • Amsa: Ƙwararren mai yin karate yana amfani da motsi mai sauri da daidaito don ya ba da babban motsi cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Saurin canja wurin motsi yana karya allon, amma hannun ba ya kasancewa a cikin hulɗa na dogon lokaci don shan ƙarfin da ke lalatawa.
8. Me yasa yake da haɗari a huta a tsakiyar babbar hanyar mota mai saurin gudu?
   • Amsa: Idan mota da ke tafiya da sauri ta yi karo da wani abu da ba ya tsayawa (ko mutum), canjin motsi (da kuma motsin) yana faruwa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda ke haifar da manyan ƙarfi. Waɗannan manyan ƙarfi na iya haifar da mummunan lalacewa.
9. Idan abubuwa biyu suka yi karo, me yasa ɗayan zai iya fuskantar ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da ɗayan, koda kuwa canje-canjen motsinsu iri ɗaya ne?
   • Amsa: Duk da cewa canjin motsi (da kuma motsin) iri ɗaya ne ga abubuwa biyu saboda dokar Newton ta uku, ƙarfin da abu ya fuskanta ya dogara ne akan yadda canjin motsi ke faruwa da sauri. Idan abu ɗaya yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin karo, zai fuskanci ƙarfi mafi girma.
10. Me yasa wasu kayan wasanni, kamar safar hannu na baseball ko pad ɗin cricket, suke da padding?

• Amsa: Faɗin yana ƙara lokacin da karo (kamar ƙwallon da ke buga kayan aiki). Wannan yana yaɗa motsin zuciyar a cikin dogon lokaci, yana rage matsakaicin ƙarfi da yuwuwar rauni.