Labari game da Canza ma'aunin zafin jiki
Ma'aunin Celsius da ma'aunin Fahrenheit ma'aunin zafin jiki daban-daban ne. Idan aka auna zafin wani abu kuma aka bayyana shi a ma'aunin Celsius, to muna son mu bayyana zafin abin a ma'aunin Fahrenheit sannan mu canza shi daga ma'aunin Celsius zuwa ma'aunin Fahrenheit. A cikin wannan sashe, mun koyi canzawa ko canza ma'aunin zafin jiki.
A matsin lamba na 1 atm, zafin wurin daskarewa don ma'aunin zafi na Celsius = 0 oC, yayin da ma'aunin zafi na Fahrenheit = 32 oF. akasin haka, a matsin lamba na 1 atm, zafin jiki na wurin tafasa ma'aunin zafi na Celsius = 100 oC, yayin da ma'aunin zafi mai ma'aunin Fahrenheit = 212 oF.
Domin sauƙaƙa maka canza ma'aunin Celsius zuwa ma'aunin Fahrenheit ko canza ma'aunin Fahrenheit zuwa ma'aunin Celsius, ka tuna 0 oC=32 oF da 100 oC=212 oF. A ma'aunin Celsius, tsakanin 0 oC da 100 oC shine 100oYayin da yake kan ma'aunin Fahrenheit, tsakanin 32 oF zuwa 212 oF akwai 180o.
3.1 Canza ma'aunin Celsius zuwa ma'aunin Fahrenheit
Domin samun zafin jiki akan sikelin Fahrenheit (T), da farko ninka zafin jiki akan sikelin Celsius (T C ) da 9/5 sannan a ƙara 32 o.
3.2 Canza ma'aunin Fahrenheit zuwa ma'aunin Celsius
Domin samun zafin jiki akan sikelin Celsius (T C ), rage zafin jiki akan sikelin Fahrenheit (T F ) da 32 o , sannan a ninka da 5/9.
4. Ma'aunin zafi da sanyi na iskar gas mai ƙarfi akai-akai
A baya, mun koyi yadda ake daidaita ma'aunin zafi da sanyi. Ma'aunin zafi da sanyi da muke amfani da shi shine ma'aunin zafi da sanyi na mercury wanda ba shi da sikelin. Idan muka daidaita ma'aunin zafi da sanyi guda biyu na nau'ikan daban-daban, kamar ma'aunin zafi da sanyi na mercury da ma'aunin zafi da sanyi na alcohol, ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da sanyi guda biyu iri ɗaya ne kawai a 0 oC (ko 32 oF ) da 100 oC (ko 212 oF ). Idan muka yi amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyi guda biyu don auna zafin iska, lambobin da kowace ma'aunin zafi da sanyi ke nunawa ba lallai bane iri ɗaya ne. Ma'aunin zafi da sanyi na Mercury na iya nuna 48 oC , yayin da ma'aunin zafi da sanyi na alcohol ke nuna 46 oC . Wannan saboda saurin faɗaɗa mercury da barasa ya bambanta. Haka kuma da sauran nau'ikan ma'aunin zafi da sanyi, kamar ma'aunin zafi da sanyi na bimetallic, da sauransu. Ma'aunin zafin da aka ƙayyade ta wannan hanyar ya dogara sosai akan yanayin kayan da aka yi amfani da su.
Domin kuwa ma'aunin zafin da aka ƙayyade ta amfani da ma'aunin zafi yawanci yana da ƙarancin zafi, muna buƙatar ma'aunin zafi na yau da kullun. Kasancewar ma'aunin zafi na yau da kullun yana taimaka mana mu saita ma'aunin zafin daidai, ba tare da dogaro da yanayin abu ba.
Ma'aunin zafi mai kusan cikakke shine ma'aunin zafi mai ƙarfi na gas. Ka'idar aiki na ma'aunin zafi mai ƙarfi na gas shine, ana kiyaye ƙarar iskar gas ta yadda koyaushe yake daidaitacce ko ba ya canzawa. Yanzu, lokacin da zafin ya ƙaru, matsin iskar gas ma yana ƙaruwa. A cikin bututu na 1 da bututu na 2 akwai mercury. Ana kiyaye ƙarar iskar gas ta yadda koyaushe ake daidaita ta, ta hanyar ɗaga ko rage bututun biyu don saman mercury a cikin bututu na 1 ya kasance a alamar nuni. Idan zafin ya ƙaru, matsin iskar gas a cikin bututun shima yana ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, dole ne a ɗaga bututu na 2 sama don ƙarar iskar gas koyaushe yana da daidaito. Ana iya sanin matsin iskar gas ta hanyar karanta tsayin ginshiƙin mercury (h) a cikin bututu na 2. Idan ana amfani da hanyar hannu, kawai ku tuna ginshiƙin mercury shine 760 mm = 1 atm (yanayi 1). A cikin ma'aunin zafi mai ƙarfi na gas mai daidaito, akwai ma'aunin matsin lamba. An kuma tsara kwantena masu cike da iskar gas don gas ɗin koyaushe yana cikin madaidaicin girma. Don haka, canje-canjen matsin lamba da aka auna kawai ne.
5. Sikelin Kelvin
Idan an zana maƙallin da ke cikin jadawalin da ke sama don yanke ma'aunin T o C, to lokacin da matsin iskar gas ya kai 0, zafin iskar = -273.15 o C. Wataƙila muna tunanin cewa zafin iskar gas a matsin lamba na 0 ya bambanta dangane da nau'in iskar gas a cikin bututun ma'aunin zafi na gas mai yawan gaske. Dangane da gwajin, kodayake nau'in iskar gas ya bambanta lokacin da matsin iskar gas ya zama sifili, zafin yana koyaushe yana da daraja a -273.15 o C. Don haka, za mu iya amfani da wannan zafin a matsayin ma'aunin zafin jiki na yau da kullun (wanda kuma aka sani da zafin jiki na sifili). Wannan zafin jiki na sifili na sifili an san shi da ma'aunin cikakken ko sikelin Kelvin. Kelvin shine sunan Lord Kelvin (1824-1907), tsohon masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Burtaniya.
A kan wannan sikelin, ana nuna zafin jiki a cikin Kelvin (K), ba a cikin digirin Kelvin ( o K) ba. Tazarar da ke tsakanin digiri iri ɗaya ce da ta sikelin Celsius, amma sifili ana canza shi zuwa 0 K. Don haka 0 K = -273.15 o C da 273.15 K = 0 o C. Za a iya canza zafin jiki a cikin sikelin Celsius zuwa sikelin Kelvin ta hanyar ƙara 273.15. Haka nan, za a iya canza zafin jiki na sikelin Kelvin zuwa sikelin Celsius ta hanyar rage 273.15.
T (K) = T ( o C) + 273.15
T ( o C) = T (K) – 273.15
