Yadda Ake Gano Kasancewar Kwari a Cikin Dabbobi
Kwari a cikin dabbobi yana ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin lafiya da suka fi yawa waɗanda ke rage yawan aiki. Kasancewarsu ba koyaushe yake bayyana ba, amma tasirin na iya zama mai tsanani: raguwar ƙaruwar nauyi, raguwar samar da madara, raunin garkuwar jiki, har ma da mutuwa a cikin mawuyacin hali. Saboda haka, manoma suna buƙatar fahimtar yadda ake gano ƙwayoyin cuta da wuri-wuri don sauƙaƙe magani cikin sauri da rage asara. Wannan labarin ya tattauna yadda ake gano ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabbobi ta hanyar lura da alamun cutar, gwaje-gwajen jiki, da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje masu sauƙi.
1. Fahimci nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabbobi
Gabaɗaya, ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabbobi an raba su zuwa manyan rukuni biyu, wato ƙwayoyin cuta na ciki da ƙwayoyin cuta na waje.
1) Kwayoyi na ciki (endoparasites) suna rayuwa a cikin jikin dabbobi. Misali:
- Tsutsotsi na ciki (tsutsotsi masu zagaye, tsutsotsi masu tapeworm)
- Ciwon hanta (Fasciola)
- Protozoa da ke haifar da coccidiosis
– Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na jini (misali Babesia/Anaplasma a wasu yanayi)
2) Kwayoyi na waje (ectoparasites) suna rayuwa a saman jikin dabbobin. Misali:
– Kwarkwata
– Kaska/ciwo
- Kudaje masu tsotsar jini
- Dalili guda ɗaya na cutar scabies
Kowace ƙwayar cuta tana haifar da alamu daban-daban. Saboda haka, ya kamata a gudanar da gano cutar ta hanyar tsari: farawa da lura da ita kowace rana, gwajin jiki, sannan a ƙarshe a tabbatar da ita ta hanyar gwajin samfuri, idan ya cancanta.
2. Ganowa ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin aiki da hali
Mataki na farko mafi sauƙi ga manoma shine su sa ido kan canje-canje a cikin aikin dabbobi. Kwari, musamman waɗanda ke shafar tsarin narkewar abinci, galibi suna sa dabbobi su yi kama da "marasa ci gaba" duk da isasshen abincin da ake ci.
Alamomin da za a duba sun haɗa da:
- Rage sha'awar abinci ko kuma cin abinci mai tsauri
– Ƙara nauyi a hankali wajen kiwo shanu/awaki/tumaki
– Yawan samar da madara yana raguwa a shanun kiwo
– Dabbobi suna da rauni, suna da kasala wajen motsawa, suna kwanciya akai-akai
– Jawo mara laushi, mai tsayi, mai sauƙin faɗuwa
– Sanyi a jikin mucous membranes (wanda ke nuna rashin jini), musamman idan akwai ƙwayoyin cuta masu tsotsar jini kamar wasu tsutsotsi ko ƙaiƙayi.
- Yawan goge jiki, cizon fata, rashin natsuwa (sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaɗuwa)
- Matsalolin haihuwa: rashin isasshen libido, raguwar yawan daukar ciki (na iya dangantawa da damuwa da tabarbarewar yanayin jiki)
Ya kamata a riƙa yin waɗannan abubuwan lura akai-akai, misali a lokacin ciyar da safe da yamma. Bayanan sauƙi na nauyin jiki, yawan cin abinci, da kuma samar da madara za su taimaka sosai wajen gano matsaloli da wuri.
3. Ganowa ta hanyar duba najasa da alamun narkewar abinci
Kwayoyi na ciki galibi suna haifar da alamu a cikin hanyar narkewar abinci. Saboda haka, najasar dabbobi muhimmin alama ce ta lafiyarsu.
Wasu alamu da za a yi shakku a kansu:
- Gudawa mai tsawo ko maimaituwa, musamman a cikin ƙananan dabbobi
– Bayan gida mai laushi da aka gauraya da majina (yana iya alaƙa da kamuwa da cutar protozoa/coccidia)
– Kuraje masu launin duhu sosai a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi
– Ana iya ganin kasancewar tsutsotsi a cikin najasa ko a kusa da dubura (kodayake ba koyaushe ake ganinsu ba)
- Ciki mai girma/kumburi amma siririn jiki (sau da yawa ana ganinsa a cikin cututtukan tsutsotsi na yau da kullun)
A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa (shanu, awaki, da tumaki), wasu kamuwa da tsutsotsi na iya haifar da "muƙamuƙin kwalba," kumburi a ƙarƙashin muƙamuƙi wanda ƙarancin furotin na jini ke haifarwa. Wannan muhimmiyar alama ce da galibi ke da alaƙa da tsutsotsi masu tsotsar jini a cikin abomasum ko kuma wata cuta mai tsanani da ta daɗe tana yaɗuwa.
4. Gwaji mai sauƙi na dabbobi (kai zuwa yatsa)
Ba sai an yi gwajin jiki mai sarkakiya ba. Manoma za su iya yin gwajin kai-da-wuya akai-akai, musamman ga dabbobin da ke nuna alamun cutar.
a) Binciken ido da danko
– Duba launin conjunctiva da dashen. Idan sun yi fari, wannan na iya nuna rashin jini da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa.
– A cikin awaki da tumaki, ana amfani da hanyar FAMACHA sau da yawa don tantance rashin jini (musamman saboda tsutsotsi na Haemonchus). Maki na FAMACHA yana taimakawa wajen tantance ko dabbobi suna buƙatar cire tsutsotsi, kodayake yawanci ana buƙatar ɗan gajeren horo don tantancewa daidai.
b) Binciken fata da gashin fata
– Duba ko akwai ɓawon fata, ƙuraje, ƙuraje masu kauri, asarar gashi, ko wuraren da ba sa yin laushi.
– Ji fatar jiki: idan ta ji kauri, zafi, ko kuma akwai ƙananan ƙuraje, tana iya alaƙa da ƙuraje ko kuma cizon kwari.
c) Duba yankin kunne, wuya, maƙogwaro da wutsiya
Kwari kan ɓuya a wurare masu naɗewa da kuma wuraren da ba a iya isa gare su ba, kamar:
- A cikin kunne
- A ƙarƙashin wutsiya
- Crotch
- Naɗe wuya da ƙananan muƙamuƙi
Yi amfani da fitila idan ya zama dole. Idan ka sami adadi mai yawa na ƙuraje, hakan yana nuna cewa akwai ƙuraje a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu alaƙa da su.
5. Ganowa ta hanyar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje (tabbatarwa mafi inganci)
Duk da cewa lura da alamun yana da amfani, ganewar asali mafi inganci yawanci yana buƙatar duba samfurin.
a) Gwajin najasa (gwajin ƙwai na tsutsa)
Hanya mafi yawan amfani ita ce ƙididdige ƙwai na najasa. Wannan gwajin yana ƙididdige adadin ƙwai a kowace gram na najasa, wanda ke ba likitan dabbobi damar tantance girman kamuwa da cuta da kuma tantance buƙatar magani.
Babban fa'idodi:
– Yana taimakawa wajen bambance ko matsalar siriri/gudawa da gaske ta samo asali ne daga tsutsotsi.
– Yana taimakawa wajen sa ido kan ingancin maganin tsutsotsi (ko har yanzu yana da tasiri ko kuma an sami juriya)
b) Gwajin jini
Idan ana zargin ƙwayoyin cuta na jini ko kuma ƙarancin jini mai tsanani, gwaje-gwajen jini na iya nuna:
- Raguwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja (anemia)
– Alamomin kumburi
- Nuna wasu cututtukan parasitic bisa ga gwaje-gwajen da aka yi
c) Gwajin goge fata
Ga masu fama da cutar scabies ko mites, likitan dabbobi zai iya ɗaukar gogewar fata sannan ya duba ta a na'urar hangen nesa don gano ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwai.
Idan manoma suna da damar samun ayyukan kiwon lafiyar dabbobi, ana ba da shawarar yin wannan gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje sosai, musamman a gonaki masu matsakaicin girma.
6. Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari da ke taimakawa wajen hasashen kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta
Baya ga lura da alamun cutar, masu kiwon dabbobi suna buƙatar tantance yanayin keji da kula da su waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, misali:
– Akwatin yana da danshi, datti, kuma ba kasafai ake tsaftace shi ba
- Yawan dabbobi masu yawa
– Tsarin kiwo mara juyawa (ana amfani da wuraren kiwo akai-akai)
– Babu wani shiri na kawar da tsutsotsi da aka tsara
- Sabbin dabbobin gida suna shiga ba tare da keɓewa ba
- Lokacin ruwan sama (gabaɗaya yana ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari)
Idan akwai waɗannan abubuwan haɗari, ya kamata a riƙa gano su akai-akai domin akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta.
7. Yaushe ya kamata ka kira likitan dabbobi nan take?
Manoma su nemi taimako nan take daga ma'aikatan lafiyar dabbobi idan waɗannan yanayi suka taso:
– Gudawa mai tsanani, musamman a cikin ƙananan dabbobi
– Dabbobin suna da rauni sosai, ba sa son cin abinci, ko kuma sun bushe
- Matsi mai tsanani na idanu/dabbobi
- Rage nauyi mai tsanani cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci
– Dabbobi da yawa suna rashin lafiya a lokaci guda
- An sami adadi mai yawa na ƙaiƙayi/ƙwarya ko kuma akwai alamun yaɗuwar ƙaiƙayi
Maganin gaggawa zai iya ceton dabbobi da kuma hana yaɗuwa a cikin garken.
8. Kammalawa: gano wuri shine mabuɗin
Gano ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabbobi yana buƙatar haɗakar lura ta yau da kullun, gwaje-gwajen jiki masu sauƙi, da kuma tabbatar da dakin gwaje-gwaje, idan zai yiwu. Da zarar an gano ƙwayoyin cuta da wuri, za a sami ingantaccen magani kuma asarar tattalin arziki za ta ragu. Manoma waɗanda ke sa ido sosai kan yanayin dabbobi da kuma kula da tsabtar rumfuna galibi sun fi samun nasara wajen daƙile ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da waɗanda ke yin aiki ne kawai lokacin da dabbobi suka riga suka yi rashin lafiya mai tsanani.
Ta hanyar kafa tsarin duba lafiyar dabbobinsu na yau da kullun, lura da canje-canje a cikin aikinsu, duba najasa da yanayin fata, da kuma yin aiki tare da likitan dabbobi don yin gwajin samfura, manoma za su iya kiyaye dabbobinsu lafiya, samar da amfanin gona, da kuma jure wa kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.
