Bukatar Iskar Oxygen ga Kifi a Matakan Rayuwa daban-daban
Iskar oxygen da ke narkewa (DO) tana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin rayuwar kifaye. Idan babu isasshen iskar oxygen, kifi ba zai iya samar da makamashi don motsawa, ciyarwa, girma, yaƙi da cututtuka, ko haihuwa ba. A cikin ruwa na halitta da na noma, matakan iskar oxygen na iya canzawa da sauri saboda yanayin zafi, yawan kifaye, aikin photosynthesis na plankton, kwararar ruwa, da kuma tarin abincin da ba a ci ba. Abin sha'awa, buƙatun iskar oxygen na kifi sun bambanta a tsawon rayuwarsu. Kowane mataki - daga ƙwai zuwa broodstock - yana da iyawa da buƙatu daban-daban na jiki. Fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambancen yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa ingancin ruwa, inganta rayuwa, da inganta haɓakar kifi.
Menene iskar oxygen da ke narkewa kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci?
Iskar oxygen da aka narke shine iskar oxygen da ke cikin ruwa kuma ana iya amfani da ita don numfashi ta hanyar halittun ruwa. Kifi yana "numfashi" ta amfani da gills, wanda ke fitar da iskar oxygen daga ruwa. Sannan ana amfani da wannan iskar oxygen a cikin metabolism don canza abubuwan gina jiki zuwa kuzari. Lokacin da DO ya yi ƙasa, kifi yana fuskantar damuwa, raguwar ci, raguwar girma, da ƙaruwar mace-mace. A cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin yanayi, kifi na iya "ƙusa" a saman yayin da suke ƙoƙarin shan ruwa mai yawan DO, kodayake ba sa shaƙar iskar oxygen kai tsaye daga iska kamar mutane.
Matakan DO suma suna hulɗa da wasu abubuwa. Zafin jiki mai yawa yana rage narkewar iskar oxygen amma yana ƙara buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki na kifin, yana ƙara haɗarin rashin iskar oxygen. Matakan ammonia da nitrite masu yawa na iya lalata gills, yana rage ikonsu na ɗaukar iskar oxygen. Saboda haka, buƙatar iskar oxygen ba wai kawai ta girman kifi ba har ma ta muhalli da lafiyarsu.
Abubuwan da ke shafar buƙatun iskar oxygen na kifi
Kafin a tattauna kowane mataki na rayuwa, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke shafar buƙatun iskar oxygen:
1. Girman Jiki da Nauyinsa: Ƙananan kifaye suna da ƙarfin metabolism a kowace naúrar nauyi, amma manyan kifaye suna buƙatar ƙarin iskar oxygen saboda nauyin jikinsu ya fi girma.
2. Aiki: Kifin da ke iyo a hankali (misali lokacin da yake cikin firgici, kwararar ruwa mai ƙarfi, ko lokacin cin abinci) yana buƙatar ƙarin iskar oxygen.
3. Zafin jiki: Yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa → yawan metabolism yana ƙaruwa → buƙatun iskar oxygen yana ƙaruwa, yayin da iskar oxygen da ke narkewa ke raguwa a zahiri.
4. Yawan ajiyar kaya: Da yawan amfani da iskar oxygen a jiki, yawan shan iskar oxygen yana ƙaruwa, don haka DO yana raguwa cikin sauƙi, musamman da daddare.
5. Ciyarwa da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin halitta: Ciyarwa tana ƙara yawan aikin kifi kuma tana ƙara yawan nauyin da ƙwayoyin cuta za su ruɓewa, wanda kuma ke amfani da iskar oxygen.
6. Nau'in: Kowane nau'i yana da juriyar DO daban-daban. Kifin Catfish da snakehead sun fi jure wa ƙarancin DO fiye da kifi ko salmon.
Da wannan tsari a zuciya, bari mu dubi buƙatun iskar oxygen a matakai daban-daban na rayuwar kifi.
Matakin ƙwai: buƙatu masu ɗorewa da kuma masu saurin kamuwa
A matakin ƙwai, tayin ba shi da ƙashi kuma yana dogara ne akan yaduwar iskar oxygen ta cikin membrane na ƙwai. Saboda wannan tsari ne mai aiki, ƙwai suna da matuƙar saurin kamuwa da ƙarancin iskar oxygen (DO). Ko da manyan kifaye sun bayyana "da kyau," ƙwai na iya kasa girma ko ƙyanƙyashewa a cikin yanayi mara isashshen iskar oxygen.
A cikin ayyukan noma, ƙwai yana buƙatar:
– Ruwa mai tsafta da ke gudana a hankali domin iskar oxygen ta ci gaba da kasancewa kuma kayayyakin da ba sa taruwa a cikin jiki ba su taru.
– DO mai ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali, saboda yawan canjin yanayi na iya kawo cikas ga ci gaban tayin.
– Zafin jiki mai sarrafawa, saboda zafin jiki yana shafar saurin ci gaban tayi da buƙatun iskar oxygen.
Idan DO ya yi ƙasa a wannan matakin, tasirin na iya zama jinkirin ƙyanƙyashewa, lahani, ko ƙarancin ƙimar ƙyanƙyashewa.
Tsutsa (sabon kyankyaso): buƙatu masu yawa, ƙarancin iyawa
Ƙwayoyin da suka kyankyashe suna fuskantar mawuyacin lokaci. Jikinsu ƙanana ne sosai, gaɓoɓinsu ba su da girma, kuma ƙasusuwansu suna ci gaba da girma. Da farko suna da jakar gwaiduwa, amma har yanzu suna buƙatar iskar oxygen don kula da ayyukan jiki da girman kyallen.
A matakin tsutsa, manyan ƙalubalen sune:
– Saman jikin yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da girmansa, don haka musayar iskar gas har yanzu tana da yawa a cikin fata, amma har yanzu tana fuskantar rashin kyawun ruwa.
– Tanadin makamashi yana da iyaka, don haka idan aka matsa iskar oxygen, tsutsotsi suna raguwa da sauri.
- Yawan tsutsotsi galibi suna da yawa a lokacin ƙyanƙyashewa ko kuma a farkon tankunan yara, wanda ke haifar da yawan shan iskar oxygen.
Saboda haka, tsutsotsi gabaɗaya suna buƙatar yanayi mafi aminci na DO fiye da kifin manya. Sauƙin iska mai sauƙi, ingantaccen zagayawa, da kuma kula da abinci mai rai (misali, rotifers ko brine shrimp) wanda ba ya gurɓata ruwan suna da mahimmanci don hana raguwar DO.
Yara/ƙananan yara: buƙatu suna ƙaruwa yayin da suke girma da kuma aikin ciyarwa
Bayan shiga matakin soya ko na matasa, kifin da tsarin zagayawar jini suna ƙara tasiri. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, kifi suna fara ciyarwa da girma cikin sauri - abubuwa biyu da ke ƙara musu kuzari da buƙatar iskar oxygen. A cikin noman kamun kifi, wannan lokacin galibi ana siffanta shi da ciyarwa mai yawa da kuma yawan kifin da ke cikinsa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin haɗarin raguwar DO.
Halayen buƙatun iskar oxygen a matakin iri:
– Ci da ci gaba suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar DO. Ƙarancin DO yawanci yakan rage yawan cin abinci nan take.
– Jin daɗin canzawa yana da yawa. Iri na iya zama damuwa lokacin da DO ya faɗi ba zato ba tsammani, misali, da sanyin safiya lokacin da photosynthesis ya tsaya kuma numfashi ya mamaye.
– Gasar iskar oxygen tana ƙaruwa a yawan iskar oxygen, musamman a cikin tafkuna ba tare da iska mai ƙarfi ba.
Kyakkyawan kulawa a wannan matakin ya haɗa da isasshen iska, daidaita yawan sayayya, da kuma jadawalin ciyarwa wanda ba ya wuce gona da iri, musamman da rana/maraice idan iska ta yi ƙanƙanta.
Matasa-babba (matakin girma): jimillar buƙatu sun fi girma
A lokacin girma zuwa ga girma, kifaye suna da gabobin numfashi masu girma, wanda hakan ke sa su zama masu sauƙin daidaitawa. Duk da haka, buƙatar iskar oxygen gaba ɗaya tana ƙaruwa sosai saboda ƙaruwar nauyin biomass a cikin tafkin/akwai. Duk da cewa buƙatar iskar oxygen a kowace gram na nauyin jiki na iya raguwa idan aka kwatanta da soyayyen abinci, yawan amfani da iskar oxygen na dukkan jama'a yana ƙaruwa sosai.
A wannan lokacin, ƙarancin DO yana da tasiri akan:
– Girman jiki yana raguwa saboda rashin ingantaccen tsarin makamashi.
– Juyawar abincin yana ƙara ta'azzara (FCR yana ƙaruwa), saboda kifin yana cikin damuwa kuma abincin ba ya narkewa yadda ya kamata.
– Ƙara yawan kamuwa da cututtuka, gami da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta/ƙwayoyin cuta saboda damuwa mai ɗorewa.
- Haɗarin mace-mace mai yawa, musamman da daddare zuwa safiya lokacin da DO ta kai matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci.
A cikin tsarin al'adu masu zurfi da yawa, matakin girma shine lokacin da iska da sarrafa zagayawar jini suke da mahimmanci ga nasara. Kula da DO a lokutan mahimmanci (da misalin ƙarfe 3:00-6:00 na safe) sau da yawa yana da ilimi fiye da ma'aunin rana.
Boodstock: Bukatu suna shafar girmar gonad da damuwa ta haifarwa.
A cikin kifin tsuntsaye, buƙatar iskar oxygen yana da alaƙa da yanayin jiki, girman gonad, da kuma aiki yayin haihuwa. Tsarin samuwar ƙwai/maniyyi yana buƙatar kuzari mai yawa, don haka ƙwai/maniyyi yana buƙatar yanayi mai ɗorewa don guje wa damuwa. A lokacin haihuwa, ayyukan iyo da halayen haɗuwa na iya ƙaruwa, wanda ke ƙara yawan amfani da iskar oxygen ta atomatik.
Muhimman abubuwa game da iyaye:
– Kwanciyar hankali na DO ya fi muhimmanci fiye da lambobi na ɗan lokaci kawai. Sauye-sauye na iya kawo cikas ga hormones na haihuwa da ingancin ƙwayoyin halitta.
- Sufuri da sarrafa su (ƙididdiga, zaɓin ƙwayoyin cuta) suna ƙara buƙatar iskar oxygen saboda damuwa. Lokacin da aka kama ƙwayoyin cuta/an saka su a raga, yawan numfashi yana ƙaruwa sosai.
– Ingancin ƙwai da maniyyi na iya raguwa idan aka ajiye ƙwai a ƙasa da DO na dogon lokaci.
Musamman a cikin tsarar haihuwa, iska mai kyau da kwararar ruwa suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye nasarar hadi da ƙyanƙyashewa.
Alamomin rashin iskar oxygen a kifi
Don samun ingantaccen kulawa, ga alamun rashin iskar oxygen da aka saba gani:
– Kifi ya taru a saman ko kusa da mashigar ruwa
- Saurin motsi na operculum (murfin gill)
- Kifi yana nuna rauni, amsawar cin abinci yana raguwa
- Kifi da yawa suna "rataye" kusa da na'urar sanyaya iska
– Mutuwa ta faru ne da sanyin safiyar yau
Idan waɗannan alamun suka bayyana, ana ba da shawarar a ɗauki mataki cikin gaggawa kamar ƙara iska, ƙara yawan canjin ruwa, rage yawan abincin da ake ci, da kuma rage yawan ruwa (idan zai yiwu).
Penutup
Bukatar iskar oxygen ta kifi tana canzawa a tsawon rayuwarsu: ƙwai suna da matuƙar saurin kamuwa saboda dogaro da yaɗuwa; tsutsotsi suna buƙatar matakan DO mai yawa amma suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin numfashi; soyayyen suna buƙatar matakan iskar oxygen mai yawa don tallafawa ci gaba cikin sauri; matakin girma yana buƙatar isasshen iskar oxygen saboda ƙaruwar yawan biomass; kuma broodstock suna buƙatar matakan DO masu ɗorewa don ingantaccen haifuwa. Fahimtar yanayin buƙatun iskar oxygen a matakai daban-daban na rayuwa yana taimaka wa manoma da manajojin kiwon kamun kifi su hana damuwa, ƙara rayuwa, inganta girma, da kuma kula da nasarar haihuwa. A ƙarshe, iskar oxygen ba wai kawai ma'aunin ruwa ba ne—shi ne tushen yawan amfanin kifi da lafiya.
