Kayan Aiki: Ma'anar zafi, ƙarfin watsa zafi, ƙarfin zafi
Shin kun taɓa shan shayin kankara, madarar kankara, ruwan sanyi, da sauransu? To, lokacin yin shayin kankara, yawanci muna haɗa ruwan zafi ko ruwan dumi a cikin gilashi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin kankara. Ruwan zafi ko ruwan dumi yana da zafi mafi girma, yayin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin kankara suna da ƙarancin zafin jiki. Bayan taɓawa na ɗan lokaci, cakuda ƙananan ƙwayoyin kankara da shayin zafi yana juyawa zuwa shayin kankara (haɗin ƙananan ƙwayoyin kankara da shayin dumi ya kai yanayin zafi iri ɗaya). Haka tsarin yake faruwa lokacin da muka haɗa ruwan zafi da ruwan sanyi. Bayan taɓawa, ruwan zafi da ruwan sanyi suna juyawa zuwa ruwan dumi (haɗin ruwan zafi da ruwan sanyi sun kai yanayin zafi iri ɗaya). Me yasa waɗannan abubuwa zasu iya kaiwa yanayin zafi iri ɗaya bayan taɓawa?
Ma'anar Zafi
Idan abubuwa masu yanayin zafi daban-daban suka haɗu da juna, canja wurin zafi, wanda galibi ake kira zafi, yana faruwa ne daga abin da ke da yanayin zafi mafi girma zuwa abin da ke da yanayin zafi mafi ƙanƙanta. Wannan canja wurin zafi yana tsayawa da zarar abubuwan da suka haɗu sun kai yanayin zafi iri ɗaya. Misali, idan muka haɗa ruwan zafi da ruwan sanyi, zafi yawanci yana motsawa daga ruwan zafi zuwa ruwan sanyi. Idan muka saka ƙarfe mai zafi a cikin ruwan sanyi, zafi yana motsawa daga ƙarfe mai zafi zuwa ruwa. Gudun zafi yana tsayawa da zarar ƙarfe da ruwa sun kai yanayin zafi iri ɗaya. Lokacin da likita ko ma'aikaciyar jinya ta haɗa ma'aunin zafi a jikinka, zafi yana motsawa daga jikinka zuwa ma'aunin zafi. Wannan canja wurin zafi yana tsayawa da zarar jikinka kuma ma'aunin zafi ya kai yanayin zafi iri ɗaya. Idan ma'aunin zafi da ake amfani da shi ma'aunin zafi ne na mercury, lokacin da jikinka da ma'aunin zafi suka kai yanayin zafi iri ɗaya, saman ma'aunin zafi yana tsayawa. Lambar da aka nuna a saman ma'aunin zafi shine yanayin zafin jikinka a wannan lokacin.
A dabi'ance, zafi yana motsawa daga abubuwa masu zafi mai yawa zuwa abubuwa masu ƙarancin zafin jiki. Canja wurin zafi yana daidaita yanayin zafin abubuwan da ke hulɗa da juna. A ƙarni na 18, masana kimiyyar lissafi sun yi zargin cewa kwararar zafi shine motsin ruwa, wani nau'in ruwa mara ganuwa (ruwa abubuwa ne da zasu iya gudana. Ruwa sun haɗa da ruwa da iska. Ruwa (ruwa) ruwa ne saboda yana iya gudana. Iska kuma ruwa ne saboda yana iya gudana). An sanya wa wannan ruwa suna caloric . Ba a sake amfani da ka'idar caloric ba saboda bisa ga sakamakon gwaji, ba za a iya tabbatar da wanzuwar wannan caloric ba.
A ƙarni na 19, wani masanin kimiyyar lissafi ɗan Ingila mai suna James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) ya yi nazarin yadda ake dumama ruwa a cikin akwati ta amfani da keken juyawa. Dangane da sakamakon gwajinsa, Joule ya yi kwatanta da ruwan da wuta ke dumamawa. Lokacin da harshen wuta da akwati da ke ɗauke da ruwa suka haɗu, zafi yana motsawa daga wuta (zafin jiki mai yawa) zuwa ruwa (zafin jiki mai ƙasa). Bayan ya yi kwatanta tsakanin ƙaruwar zafin ruwa saboda haɗuwa da wuta da ƙaruwar zafin jiki saboda aikin da mai juyawa ya yi, Joule ya kammala da cewa zafi makamashi ne da ke motsawa daga abu mai zafi zuwa abu mai ƙarancin zafi. Zafi ba makamashi ba ne (zafi ba takamaiman nau'in makamashi ba ne, kamar kuzarin motsi, kuzari mai yuwuwa, makamashin sinadarai, da sauransu) . Zafi makamashi ne da ke motsawa saboda bambancin zafin jiki . Don haka lokacin da zafi ke gudana daga abu mai zafi zuwa abu mai ƙarancin zafi, makamashi a zahiri yana motsawa daga abu mai zafi zuwa abu mai ƙarancin zafi. Canja wurin makamashi yana tsayawa da zarar abubuwan da suka haɗu sun kai daidai zafin jiki ko daidaiton zafi.
Maida wutar lantarki ta thermal
Me yasa yawancin kayan girki ake yin su da aluminum? A ce hannun hagunka yana riƙe da ƙarfe, hannun damanka yana riƙe da gilashi, sannan ƙarfe da gilashin suka taɓa wuta. Shin hannun hagunka ko na damanka ne ke jin zafi da sauri? Waɗannan tambayoyin, da wataƙila wasu da za ka yi, suna da alaƙa da ƙarfin zafi na wani abu. Ƙarfin zafi na wani abu shine ikon abu na canja wurin zafi ta cikinsa. Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfin zafi mai yawa (k) suna da kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafi (masu ƙarfin zafi mai kyau). Akasin haka, abubuwa masu ƙarancin ƙarfin zafi ba su da ƙarfin zafi (masu ƙarfin zafi mara kyau).
Ƙarfin Zafi
Ƙarfin zafi (C) shine adadin zafi da ake buƙata don ɗaga zafin abu gaba ɗaya da digiri ɗaya. Tsarin ƙarfin zafi shine:
C = mc
Bayani: C = ƙarfin zafi, m = nauyin abin, c = takamaiman zafin abin.
