Dabaru na Gwajin Samfur na Fitsari a Dabbobi
Sayen fitsari muhimmin tsari ne a gwaje-gwajen dabbobi na asibiti domin yana ɗauke da bayanai da yawa game da lafiyar jiki. Ta hanyar gwajin fitsari, likitocin dabbobi za su iya tantance aikin koda, yanayin ruwa, matsalolin metabolism (kamar ciwon suga), kamuwa da cutar fitsari, da kuma matsalolin tsarin da ke shafar wasu gabobin jiki. Duk da haka, ingancin sakamakon gwajin fitsari yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar amfani da dabarar ɗaukar samfur. Samfuran da suka gurɓata, waɗanda aka adana na dogon lokaci, ko waɗanda aka tattara ba daidai ba na iya haifar da kuskuren fahimtar sakamako. Saboda haka, zaɓin hanya, daidaiton tsari, da kuma kula da bayan tattara su sune mabuɗin samun samfurin wakilci.
Manufa da Alamomi ga Tarin Fitsari
Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da samfurin fitsari don gwajin jiki (launi, haske, wari, girma), gwajin sinadarai (pH, furotin, glucose, ketones, bilirubin), da kuma gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta na laka (ƙwayoyin jini, lu'ulu'u, ƙwayoyin cuta, simintin ƙarfe). Alamomin gwajin fitsari sun haɗa da dabbobi masu alamun fitsari akai-akai, fitsari mai zafi, hematuria, raguwar ci, amai, polyuria-polydipsia, ko kuma azaman gwajin yau da kullun kafin maganin sa barci da sauran hanyoyin likita. A cikin dabbobi, ana iya amfani da gwajin fitsari don sa ido kan matsalolin metabolism da yanayin lafiyar garken.
Shiri na Gabaɗaya Kafin Ɗaukan Samfura
Kafin a ɗauki samfurin, yana da mahimmanci a shirya kayan aiki kuma a tabbatar da asalin dabbar da kuma manufar gwajin. Kayan aikin da ake buƙata sun haɗa da akwati mai tsafta wanda ke da murfi, safar hannu, sirinji da allura (don wasu dabaru), maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, auduga/gauze, da kuma lakabin lakabin samfurin. Ya kamata a tattara sabon fitsari, mafi kyau fitsarin safe na farko, domin galibi yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana wakiltar sigogi daban-daban.
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa. Damuwa na iya shafar yawan fitsari, matakan glucose, har ma da haifar da gurɓatawa saboda wahalar sarrafa dabbobi. Ga ƙananan dabbobi kamar kuliyoyi da karnuka, hanyar kwantar da hankali da kuma kulawa mai kyau za ta rage haɗarin rauni da kuma sauƙaƙa aikin. Ga manyan dabbobi kamar shanu ko dawakai, kulawa mai kyau yana da mahimmanci ga mai aiki da dabbar.
Hanyar Samfuran Fitsari
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na tattara samfuran fitsari daga dabbobi. Zaɓin hanyar ya dogara da nau'in, yanayin dabbar, samuwar kayan aiki, manufar gwajin (misali, ƙwayoyin cuta suna buƙatar samfurin da ya fi tsafta), da kuma ƙwarewar mai aiki.
1. Tarin Fitsari Ba Tare Da Kai Ba (Kama Kyauta)
Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce a tattara fitsari yayin yin fitsarin bazata. Ana tattara samfurin a cikin akwati mai tsabta ko kuma mai tsafta. Ga karnuka, wannan dabarar tana da sauƙi ta hanyar tura akwatin zuwa cikin magudanar fitsari. Ga kuliyoyi, ana iya yin ta ta amfani da akwatin zubar da ciki na musamman wanda ba ya shanye fitsari (misali, ƙwayoyin filastik) don hana shan fitsari, sannan a zuba samfurin a cikin akwati mai tsafta.
Amfanin wannan hanyar shine cewa tana da ɗan tasiri, ba ta da zafi, kuma ba ta buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman. Abin da ke damun ta shi ne cewa samfurin yana iya gurɓata ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta daga fata, gashi, muhalli, ko kuma hanyar al'aura cikin sauƙi. Saboda haka, wannan hanyar ta fi dacewa da gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun (misali, takamaiman nauyi, pH, glucose), amma ba ta dace da al'adar fitsari ba saboda ƙaruwar haɗarin samun sakamako na ƙarya.
2. Katsewar fitsari
Ana yin amfani da maganin catheterization ta hanyar saka maganin catheter mai tsafta ta cikin mafitsara. Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan dabarar ga karnuka maza, yayin da yake da ƙalubale a fannin fasaha ga mata da kuliyoyi. Tsarin yana buƙatar dabarar aseptic: ana tsaftace yankin al'aura, ana amfani da maganin catheter mai tsafta, kuma ana iya shafa man shafawa mai tsafta don sauƙaƙe sakawa.
Amfanin yin amfani da catheter shine cewa samfurin ya fi tsafta fiye da kamawa kyauta kuma yana ba da damar zubar da mafitsara a lokutan riƙe fitsari. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar tana ɗauke da haɗarin rauni a mafitsara, zubar jini, haifar da kamuwa da cuta, kuma yana iya haifar da damuwa ko zafi. Amfani da catheter kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen abu idan ba a kiyaye tsaftar ba. Ga ƙwayoyin cuta, yin amfani da catheter ya fi kamawa kyauta, amma har yanzu bai fi kamawa kyauta ba.
3. Cystocentesis
Cystocentesis shine tarin fitsari kai tsaye daga mafitsara ta amfani da allura da sirinji ta bangon ciki. Wannan dabarar ana ɗaukarta a matsayin samfurin da ya fi tsafta, wanda hakan ya sa ake ba da shawarar yin ta sosai don gwajin kamuwa da cutar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma maganin rigakafi. Ana yin ta a karnuka da kuliyoyi, galibi tare da yin amfani da na'urar duba mafitsara ko kuma duba na'urar duban dan tayi don ƙarin daidaito da aminci.
Fa'idodin cystocentesis sun haɗa da ƙarancin gurɓatawa daga mafitsara da al'aura, da kuma samfurin da ya dace don nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta. Rashin amfani da shi shine cewa aikin yana da haɗari kuma yana ɗauke da haɗari kamar zubar jini saboda ƙaramin rauni, zubar fitsari, ko rauni ga gabobin da ke kewaye idan dabarar ba ta yi daidai ba. Ya kamata a guji cystocentesis idan mafitsara ba ta cika sosai ba, idan akwai matsalar coagulation, ko kuma idan ana zargin akwai babban taro ko fashewa a mafitsara.
4. Maganin Mafitsara da Hannu
Bayyanar da hannu ta ƙunshi matse mafitsara ta bangon ciki don haifar da kwararar fitsari. Wannan dabarar ta fi amfani da ita ga wasu ƙananan dabbobi ko marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsalolin jijiyoyi waɗanda ba za su iya yin fitsari yadda ya kamata ba. Duk da haka, dole ne a yi taka-tsantsan domin matsin lamba mai yawa na iya haifar da kumburin fitsari a cikin mafitsara ko ma fashewar mafitsara, musamman idan akwai toshewar mafitsara.
Wannan hanyar tana ɗauke da haɗarin samar da samfuran da suka gurɓata saboda fitsari yana fita ta cikin mafitsara, kamar yadda yake a cikin kama-kama. Bugu da ƙari, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da hannu ga dabbobin da ake zargin toshewa (misali, kyanwa maza masu toshewa) domin yana iya ƙara ta'azzara yanayin.
5. Dabaru na Musamman ga Dabbobi da Manyan Dabbobi
A shanu, awaki, da tumaki, ana iya yin tarin fitsari ta hanyar motsa perineum ko farji (a cikin mata) don haifar da fitsarin, sannan a tattara fitsarin. A cikin dawaki, ana iya tattara fitsari yayin yin fitsarin kwatsam, kodayake wannan yana buƙatar haƙuri da lura da ɗabi'a. A wasu lokuta, ana iya yin catheterization ga manyan dabbobi, amma wannan yana buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman da isassun kayan aiki.
Ga tsuntsaye, tarin fitsari ya fi rikitarwa saboda fitar fitsari yana gauraye da najasa a cikin nau'in urate. Binciken yawanci yana mai da hankali kan tantance fitar fitsari da sauran cututtuka na asibiti fiye da gwajin fitsari na yau da kullun, kamar yadda yake a dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Samfurin Sarrafawa, Ajiya, da Sufuri
Da zarar an samo samfurin, mataki na gaba shine kula da shi yadda ya kamata. Ya kamata a sanya samfurin a cikin akwati mai tsafta, wanda aka rufe sosai, an yi masa lakabi da asalin dabbar, ranar da lokacin tattarawa, da kuma hanyar tattarawa. Ya kamata a yi gwaji cikin mintuna 30-60 na tattarawa don hana canje-canjen pH, haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, lysis na ƙwayoyin halitta, da kuma crystallization. Idan akwai buƙatar jinkiri, ana iya adana samfuran a cikin firiji (kimanin 2-8°C) kuma a mayar da su zuwa zafin ɗaki kafin a yi bincike, musamman don binciken laka.
Ga ƙwayoyin cuta, ya kamata a yi jigilar su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje da sauri, ta amfani da kwantena marasa tsafta, sannan a bi hanyoyin sarkar sanyi idan ya cancanta. Ya kamata a guji gurɓata yayin buɗe kwantena ko amfani da kayan aikin da ba sa tsaftace muhalli.
Abubuwan da ke Shafar Ingancin Samfura
Abubuwa da dama da ke shafar ingancin samfurin sun haɗa da gurɓatar muhalli, amfani da kwantena marasa tsafta, jinkirin bincike, da kuma rashin dacewar hana amfani da su, wanda zai iya haifar da jini a cikin fitsari saboda rauni. Magunguna da abinci kuma suna iya shafar launi, pH, da kuma kasancewar lu'ulu'u. Saboda haka, ya kamata a rubuta tarihin lafiyar dabbar - gami da duk wani magani na yanzu - lokacin da ake gabatar da samfura.
Kammalawa
Dole ne a zaɓi dabarun ɗaukar fitsari a cikin dabbobi yadda ya kamata, ya danganta da manufar gwajin, yanayin majiyyaci, da albarkatun da ake da su. Kamawa kyauta shine mafi sauƙi amma yana iya gurɓata; yin amfani da catheterization yana ba da samfurin tsafta amma yana ɗauke da haɗarin rauni da kamuwa da cuta; yayin da cystocentesis ke samar da samfurin da ya fi tsafta kuma ya dace da al'ada. Ana yin amfani da hannu ne kawai a wasu yanayi tare da taka tsantsan, kuma a cikin manyan dabbobi, ana buƙatar hanyar da ta dace da nau'in. Ko da kuwa hanyar ce, nasarar yin fitsari galibi ana ƙaddara ta hanyar hanyoyin aseptic, sarrafa samfurin da ya dace, da kuma yin gwaji cikin sauri. Tare da kyakkyawar dabara, samfuran fitsari na iya zama ingantaccen kayan aikin gano cuta kuma suna taimakawa sosai wajen tantance magani da sa ido kan lafiyar dabbobi.
