Alamomi da Alamomin Rabies a Dabbobi: Ganewa, Ganewa, da Rigakafi
Pendahuluan
Rabies cuta ce mai saurin kisa wadda ke kai hari ga tsarin jijiyoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mutane. Kwayar cuta ce da ke cikin nau'in Lyssavirus. Yawanci ana yada rabies ta hanyar cizon dabbar da ta kamu da cutar. Gane alamun rabies a cikin dabbobi yana da mahimmanci don gano da wuri da kuma hana yaɗuwa, a tsakanin dabbobi da mutane. Wannan labarin zai ba da cikakken bayani game da alamun rabies a cikin dabbobi, da kuma yadda za a sarrafa shi.
Yaɗuwa da Tsarin Yaɗuwa
Ana yada cutar rabies ta hanyar yaƙar dabbar da ta kamu da cutar, wadda ke shiga kyallen jikin mutum kai tsaye ta hanyar cizo ko karce. Sannan kwayar cutar ta bazu zuwa tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya ta hanyar jijiyoyin gefe. Da zarar ta isa kwakwalwa, kwayar cutar tana haifar da alamu iri-iri na jijiyoyi kafin ta haifar da mutuwa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa alamun rabies a cikin mutane na iya bayyana bayan dogon lokacin kamuwa, yawanci watanni 1-3 bayan cizon.
Alamomi da Alamomin Rabies a Dabbobi
Alamomin cutar rabies a cikin dabbobi sun bambanta dangane da matakin kamuwa da cutar. Rabies ya ƙunshi manyan nau'ikan asibiti guda biyu: rabies "mai tsanani" da rabies "mai gurgunta". Ga alamomi da alamu daban-daban da za mu iya lura da su:
1. Matakin Prodromal
Matakin prodromal shine matakin farko na kamuwa da cuta, wanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki 2-3. Alamomin wannan matakin gabaɗaya ba su da takamaiman takamaiman kuma suna da wahalar ganewa. Dabbobi na iya nuna ƙananan canje-canje a cikin halayensu, kamar:
– Jin kunya ko tsoro ba tare da wani dalili ba
- Rage sha'awa
- Zazzabi mai sauƙi
- Ƙara yawan fushi
2. Fushi da Ciwon Hauka
A wannan matakin, dabbar za ta nuna ƙarin ɗabi'u masu tsauri da kuma alamun ƙaruwar motsin rai. Waɗannan alamun suna ɗaukar tsawon kwana 1-7 kuma sun haɗa da:
– Tashin Hankali: Dabbobin da suka saba da sauƙin hali na iya zama masu zafin rai da wahalar sarrafawa.
– Ba sa jin tsoron mutane: Dabbobin daji kamar rakumin daji, jemagu, ko dila waɗanda galibi ke jin tsoron mutane na iya kusantar mutane su yi ƙoƙarin kai musu hari.
– Rashin natsuwa da yawan aiki: Dabbar za ta bayyana ba ta da natsuwa kuma tana motsawa koyaushe ba tare da wani dalili bayyananne ba.
– Tauna abubuwan waje: Dabbobi na iya tauna abubuwan waje ko sassan jikinsu.
– Canje-canje a cikin yadda ake furta sauti: Dabbobi na iya yin sautuka masu ban mamaki, kamar yin haushi a wani sautin da ba a saba gani ba ko kuma yin ihu.
– Rashin fahimta da farfadiya: Dabbobi na iya fuskantar rashin fahimta da farfadiya saboda kwayar cutar ta isa ga tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya.
3. Rabies mai "shanyewar jiki" (Rabies marasa wayo)
Ciwon mara mai fama da ciwon mara yana da rauni mai tsanani da kuma gurguwar tsoka. Wannan matakin yawanci yakan ɗauki kwana 2-4, kuma alamun sun haɗa da:
– Rauni na gaba ɗaya: Dabbobi suna nuna gajiya, rauni, kuma ba su da kuzari.
– Sanyin tsoka: Sanyin tsoka yana farawa ne daga tsokoki na kai da wuya sannan ya bazu ko'ina cikin jiki.
– Dysphagia: Wahalar haɗiyewa, wanda zai iya haifar da yawan yin amai ko yawan yin amai.
– Sanyin fuska: Fuskar dabbar na iya bayyana ba ta da daidaito saboda raunin tsoka.
– Sukari da mutuwa: A mataki na ƙarshe, dabbar za ta faɗi cikin suma kuma daga ƙarshe ta mutu.
Ganewar Ciwon Rabi
Ba za a iya gano cutar rabies a cikin dabbobi kawai bisa ga alamun asibiti ba, domin waɗannan alamun na iya kama da na wasu cututtuka. Yawanci ana yin ganewar ƙarshe ta hanyar:
– Gwajin Madarar Jini, Jini, da Kwakwalwa: Gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano kasancewar ƙwayar cutar rabies a cikin samfuran halitta.
– Binciken Histopathology: Binciken ƙwayoyin cuta na kwakwalwa bayan dabbar ta mutu don neman alamun kamuwa da cutar rabies (misali, gawarwakin da suka haɗa da Negri).
Tindakan Penceghan
Rigakafin cutar rabies yana da matuƙar muhimmanci idan aka yi la'akari da yawan mace-macen da cutar ke yi. Ga wasu matakan kariya da za ku iya ɗauka:
1. Allurar rigakafi
Allurar riga-kafi hanya ce mai inganci don hana kamuwa da cutar rabies a cikin dabbobin gida da dabbobi. Ya kamata a yi wa dabbobin gida kamar karnuka, kuliyoyi, da dawaki allurar riga-kafi akai-akai bisa ga shawarar likitan dabbobi. Allurar riga-kafi kuma tana da mahimmanci ga dabbobin daji waɗanda ke yawan mu'amala da mutane.
2. Sarrafa Dabbobin Daji
Rage yawan namun daji masu haɗari kamar rakumin daji, jemagu, da karnukan daji na iya rage yaɗuwar cutar rabies. A wasu wurare, ana kuma amfani da allurar rigakafin baki da ake amfani da ita a cikin koto don magance cutar rabies a cikin namun daji.
3. Ilimin Jama'a
Wayar da kan jama'a game da muhimmancin allurar rigakafin dabbobi da kuma yadda za a guji hulɗa da dabbobin daji waɗanda ka iya kamuwa da cutar rabies. Bayani kan yadda za a magance cizon dabbobi da kuma matakan farko da za a ɗauka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
Martani na Farko ga Cizon Dabba
Idan dabba da ake zargi da ciwon rabies ta ciji mutum ko dabbar gida, matakin farko da za a ɗauka shine:
1. A wanke raunin: A wanke raunin da sabulu da ruwan famfo na tsawon akalla mintuna 15 domin rage yawan kwayar cutar da ke kan raunin.
2. A shafa maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta: A yi amfani da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta kamar barasa ko iodine a kan raunin.
3. A kai dabbar wurin likita: A tuntuɓi likita ko likitan dabbobi nan da nan. A cikin mutane, allurar rigakafin bayan kamuwa da cuta muhimmin mataki ne na hana kamuwa da cutar rabies.
Kula da Dabbobin da Suka Kamu da Cutar
Babu maganin dabbobi da suka kamu da cutar rabies. Hukumomin kula da lafiya sun mayar da hankali kan hana yaɗuwar cutar da kuma rage wa dabbobin da ke fama da cutar rabies radadi. Ya kamata a kashe dabbobin da ke nuna alamun rabies domin hana ƙarin haɗari. Dole ne a ɗauki wannan matakin a hankali kuma bisa ga ƙa'idojin lafiya da walwalar dabbobi da suka dace.
Kammalawa
Cutar rabies cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa kuma mai kisa wadda ya kamata masu dabbobin gida da sauran jama'a su sani. Gane alamun rabies a cikin dabbobi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don rigakafi da magani da wuri. Tare da allurar rigakafi, kula da dabbobin daji, wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma hanzarta mayar da martani ga cizo, haɗarin yaɗuwar rabies na iya raguwa sosai. Ilimi, rigakafi, da kuma hanzarta mayar da martani sune mabuɗin yaƙi da wannan cuta mai haɗari.
Ta hanyar fahimtar alamun cutar rabies da kuma matakan kariya masu dacewa, za mu iya kare dabbobinmu, kanmu, da kuma al'ummarmu daga haɗarin da rabies ke haifarwa.
