Nau'ikan Gilashin da ake Amfani da su wajen Kera Motoci da Motoci
Gilashi yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin kowace mota, daga motocin fasinja, bas, manyan motoci, har ma da motoci na musamman. Aikinsa ba wai kawai yana kare iska, ƙura, ruwan sama, da tasirin ba ne, har ma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aminci, gani, jin daɗin ɗakin, ingancin kuzari, har ma da ƙirar sararin samaniya. Saboda waɗannan buƙatun, gilashin abin hawa ba ya kama da gilashin gini na yau da kullun. Dole ne ya cika ƙa'idodi masu tsauri game da ƙarfi, juriya ga canjin zafin jiki, da halayen karyewa mai aminci ga fasinjoji. Ga nau'ikan gilashin da aka saba amfani da su a masana'antar mota da abin hawa, tare da halayensu da aikace-aikacensu.
1. Gilashin da aka Laminated
Gilashin da aka yi wa laminated shine nau'in gilashin da aka fi amfani da shi don gilashin gaba. Ya ƙunshi layuka biyu na gilashi "wanda aka haɗa" tare da wani Layer mai layi ɗaya—yawanci PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) ko, a wasu fasahohi, EVA ko ionoplast (SentryGlas/SGP). Wannan Layer mai layi ɗaya yana aiki azaman manne da kayan da ba sa karyewa.
Babban fa'idar gilashin da aka yi wa laminate shine aminci. Idan ya yi tauri, gilashin ba ya karyewa nan take kamar gilashin da aka saba. Tsagaggen zai iya yaɗuwa, amma tsagagen sun fi manne da layin da ke tsakanin, wanda hakan ke rage haɗarin raunin da zai iya raunata direba da fasinjoji. Bugu da ƙari, gilashin da aka yi wa laminate yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye tsarin gilashin, yana rage yiwuwar fasinjoji su fice a cikin hatsari.
A gefe guda kuma, gilashin da aka yi da laminate yana da ƙarin fa'idodi kamar:
- Rage hayaniya: layin da ke tsakanin na'urorin na iya rage sauti, don haka ɗakin ya fi shiru.
– Kariyar UV: Gilashin da aka yi wa laminated da yawa suna iya toshe yawancin hasken ultraviolet, suna taimakawa wajen hana cikin motar yin shuɗewa da sauri da kuma kare fata.
- Ingancin gani mai kyau don ganin direba.
2. Gilashin Mai Zafi (Gilashin Mai Zafi)
Nau'i na biyu da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin motoci shine gilashin da aka yi wa zafi, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don tagogi na gefe da tagogi na baya akan motoci da yawa. Ana yin gilashin da aka yi wa zafi ta hanyar dumama shi zuwa zafin jiki mai yawa sannan a sanyaya shi da sauri (ƙunci). Wannan tsari yana haifar da damuwa na ciki wanda ke sa gilashin ya fi ƙarfi fiye da gilashin da aka saba amfani da shi.
Fa'idodin gilashin da aka tace sune:
- Ƙarfi mafi girma akan tasirin haske da canje-canjen zafin jiki.
– Idan gilashi ya karye, zai rikide ya zama ƙananan hatsi masu laushi (granular) wanda ke rage haɗarin mummunan rauni.
Wannan yanayin da ke hana karyewa shi ya sa gilashin da aka sanya a kan murhu ya shahara a tagogi na gefe da na baya. A cikin gaggawa, gilashin da aka sanya a kan murhu yana da sauƙin karyewa da abin karya gilashi don a kwashe shi, kodayake wannan yana nufin matakin kariya daga sata na iya zama ƙasa da gilashin da aka sanya a kan murhu.
3. Gilashin Haɗaka: An Laminated don Gefen
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙarin masana'antun motoci—musamman waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren tsakiya zuwa babban mataki—suna amfani da gilashin da aka laminated don tagogi na gefe. Manufar ba wai kawai ita ce tsaron haɗari ba, har ma da jin daɗi da tsaro.
Gilashin gefe na Laminated yana ba da:
– Ingantaccen kariya daga sauti, wanda ake iya gani sosai lokacin tuki da babban gudu.
– Tsaro daga fashi, domin gilashi yana da wahalar shiga kuma baya faɗuwa nan take ko da ya fashe.
- Kariyar UV mai inganci.
Duk da haka, farashin samarwa gabaɗaya ya fi girma kuma ana iya ƙara nauyi kaɗan, kodayake fasahar zamani tana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin rage waɗannan tasirin.
4. Gilashin Mai Launi da Gilashin Sirri
Gilashin da aka yi wa fenti yana nufin gilashi wanda ke da babban matakin duhu ko ɗaukar haske. A cikin ababen hawa, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da aka saba amfani da su:
1. An yi masa fenti a masana'anta: launin duhu ya riga ya zama wani ɓangare na kayan gilashin.
2. Fim ɗin taga (fim ɗin tint bayan kasuwa): wani fim da aka haɗa bayan siye.
A halin yanzu, kalmar gilashin sirri galibi ana amfani da ita ne don taga ta baya da tagogi na gefe na biyu/na uku akan MPVs ko SUVs, waɗanda ake sanya su duhu don ba wa fasinjoji ƙarin sirri.
Babban fa'idodin:
– Yana rage hasken rana.
– Yana taimakawa wajen rage zafin rana da ke shigowa.
– Yana ƙara sirri da jin daɗi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa kowace ƙasa tana da ƙa'idoji game da matakin duhun gilashi, musamman ga gilashin mota da kuma tagogi na gefen direba, don amincin tuƙi.
5. Gilashi Mai Rufin Haske Mai Zafi (Yankewar Haske Mai Zafi / Yankewar IR)
A yanayin zafi, motoci da yawa na zamani suna amfani da gilashi mai fasahar IR-cut ko kuma fasahar haske mai zafi. Wannan gilashin yana ɗauke da wani ƙaramin shafi ko tsari na musamman wanda ke nuna ko rage watsawar radiation na infrared, don haka yana rage zafi da ke shiga cikin ɗakin.
Tasirin:
– Ɗakin ya fi sanyi kuma ya fi daɗi.
– Aikin AC ya ragu, wanda ke da yuwuwar ƙara yawan amfani da mai ko kuma yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa masu amfani da wutar lantarki.
Wasu masana'antun suna kiran wannan fasalin da kalmomi daban-daban kamar "gilashin sarrafa hasken rana", "gilashin hana zafi", ko "kariyar UV/IR".
6. Gilashin Acoustic
Gilashin sauti yawanci gilashi ne mai laminated tare da wani Layer na musamman wanda aka tsara don rage sauti a cikin takamaiman kewayon mita (kamar hayaniyar iska ko tayoyi). Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune gilashin gaba da tagogi na gaba a cikin manyan motoci.
Fa'idodin gilashin sauti:
- Yana rage hayaniyar ɗakin, yana ƙara jin daɗi.
- Yana nuna ƙarin "mafi kyawun" yanayin tuki.
– Yana taimaka wa direbobi su mayar da hankali sosai saboda ana rage tsangwama a hayaniya.
7. Gilashin Rufin Rana da Rufin Panoramic
Rufin rana da rufin panoramic gabaɗaya suna amfani da gilashi mai laushi ko mai laminated, ya danganta da ƙira da ƙa'idodin masana'anta. Saboda wurin da yake a kan rufin, wannan nau'in gilashi dole ne ya yi la'akari da:
– Juriya ga tasirin waje (misali tsakuwa, rassan itace, ko abubuwan da ke faɗuwa).
– Juriyar zafi da kuma fitowar rana na dogon lokaci.
Fitilun sama sau da yawa suna zuwa da ƙarin fasaloli kamar:
- shafi mai hana UV/IR.
- Tint mai duhu don rage zafi.
- Tsarin laminated don ƙara aminci don kada gutsuttsura su faɗa cikin ɗakin idan lalacewa ta faru.
8. Polycarbonate da Madadin Kayan Aiki Masu Haske
Ko da yake ba gilashi ba ne, wasu motoci (kamar motocin tsere, motocin soja, ko motocin kasuwanci na musamman) suna amfani da polycarbonate ko wasu kayan aiki masu haske don rage nauyi da ƙara juriyar tasiri. Duk da haka, waɗannan kayan sun fi sauƙin gogewa fiye da gilashi kuma suna da halaye na gani da tsufa na kayan da dole ne a yi la'akari da su.
A cikin motocin farar hula, amfani da kayan da ba gilashi ba yawanci yana da iyaka kuma dole ne har yanzu ya bi ƙa'idodin aminci.
9. Gilashi Mai Abubuwan Dumamawa da Ƙarin Fasaha
Tagogin baya na abin hawa galibi suna da na'urar defogger/defroster, wani nau'in na'urar dumama, don cire danshi ko kankara. Bugu da ƙari, tagogi da yawa na abin hawa yanzu suna da fasahohi kamar:
– Eriya ta rediyo da aka saka a cikin gilashin.
- Na'urar sanya firikwensin ADAS (kyamara, firikwensin ruwan sama, firikwensin haske) a kan gilashin gaba.
- Nunin kai-tsaye (HUD) wanda ke buƙatar gilashin gaba tare da takamaiman takamaiman abubuwan gani don kada hasashen ya zama fatalwa.
– Gilashin mota mai zafi a ƙasashe masu sanyi don cire kankara cikin sauri.
Duk waɗannan fasahohin suna buƙatar cikakken daidaito, domin gilashi ba wai kawai "taga" ba ne, har ma da dandamali don tsarin tsaro da jin daɗi daban-daban.
Kammalawa
Nau'ikan gilashin da ake amfani da su a masana'antar motoci da ababen hawa suna da bambanci, amma gabaɗaya, ana iya haɗa su cikin gilashin da aka laƙaba da kuma wanda aka sanya a cikin kayan aiki, manyan kayan aiki. Gilashin da aka laƙaba ya fi kyau a cikin aminci da ingancin tsari, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban zaɓi ga gilashin gaba kuma yana ƙara shahara ga tagogi na gefe. Gilashin da aka laƙaba ya fi ƙarfi da kuma tsarin karya mafi aminci, wanda hakan ya sa ake amfani da shi sosai a tagogi na gefe da na baya. Bayan haka, ci gaban fasaha ya gabatar da gilashin sauti, gilashin da ba ya son zafi, gilashin da aka laƙaba, har ma da gilashin wayo wanda ke tallafawa tsarin ADAS da jin daɗin tuƙi.
Ta hanyar fahimtar waɗannan nau'ikan gilashin, za mu iya fahimtar dalilin da ya sa maye gurbin gilashin abin hawa ya kamata ya bi ƙa'idodin masana'anta da ƙa'idodin aminci. Gilashi ba wai kawai kayan haɗi bane, har ma muhimmin ɓangare ne na kariya, inganci, da aikin motocin zamani.
