Kowace abu a cikin wannan duniyar tana da asali zarraAtoms sun ƙunshi protons, neutrons, da electrons. Protons suna da positive electron charge, electrons suna da negative electron charge, kuma neutrons ba su da electric charge. Atom yana ɗauke da adadin electrons, protons, da neutrons. Idan adadin electrons yayi daidai da adadin protons, jimlar electric charge akan atom ɗin sifili ne. Irin waɗannan atoms ba su da tsaka tsaki a wutar lantarki. Idan adadin electrons ya wuce adadin protons, atom ɗin yana da yawan electrons, wanda hakan ke sa ya yi positive charger. Idan adadin electrons ya wuce adadin protons, atom ɗin yana da yawan protons, wanda hakan ke sa ya yi positive charger.
Kowanne abu yana ƙunshe da atoms, don haka idan atoms ɗin da suka ƙunshi abu gaba ɗaya suna da electrons da yawa kamar protons, to abu ba shi da caji ko kuma tsaka tsaki ne. A gefe guda kuma, idan atoms ɗin da suka ƙunshi abu gaba ɗaya suna da electrons da yawa fiye da protons, to abu yana da cajin negative. Haka nan, idan atoms ɗin da suka ƙunshi abu gaba ɗaya suna da ƙarancin electrons fiye da protons, to abu yana da cajin positive.
Abubuwa da yawa da ake fuskanta a rayuwar yau da kullum ba su da wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, ana iya yin waɗannan abubuwa ta hanyar wutar lantarki. Canza wani abu mai tsaka-tsaki na wutar lantarki zuwa wanda aka yi masa caji ta hanyar lantarki ana iya yin sa ta hanyar gogayya ko induction. Gwajin cajin lantarki An yi bayani kan yadda ake canza abu mai tsaka-tsaki zuwa wanda aka caji ta hanyar gogayya da wani abu. gwajin caji wani abu ta hanyar induction An kuma tattauna yadda ake mayar da abu mai tsaka-tsaki zuwa abu mai caji ta hanyar amfani da induction. A cikin hanyar gogayya, ana taɓa abin da za a caji ta hanyar lantarki da wani abu, yayin da a cikin hanyar induction, ba a taɓa abin da za a caji ta hanyar lantarki ba amma kawai ana kusantar da shi kusa da wani abu mai caji ta hanyar lantarki.
Wani yanki na filastik wanda da farko ba shi da tsaka-tsaki yana yin caji ta hanyar lantarki bayan an goge shi da busasshen gashi ko gashi. Shaidar da ke nuna cewa filastik ɗin ya yi caji ta hanyar lantarki ita ce sandunan filastik guda biyu waɗanda aka goge da busasshen gashi ko gashi suna korar juna. Sandunan filastik guda biyu suna korar juna saboda dukansu suna da caji iri ɗaya. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin maudu'in cajin lantarki, bisa ga yarjejeniyar da aka yi bisa ga shawarar Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), ana tantance cajin wutar lantarki da filastik ke da shi a matsayin cajin mara kyau. Ana cajin filastik mara kyau saboda jimlar adadin electrons a cikin filastik ya fi adadin protons. Da farko, filastik tsaka tsaki ne don haka za a iya yanke hukuncin cewa yawan electrons da filastik ke da shi a halin yanzu yana fitowa ne daga busasshen gashi ko gashi. Electrons a cikin gashi ko gashi suna motsawa zuwa filastik yayin gogayya tsakanin filastik da gashi ko gashi. Jawo yana tsaka tsaki da farko don haka lokacin da electrons ɗinsa suka koma filastik, Jawo yana da electrons kuma yana da yawan protons. Jawo yana da yawan protons don haka Jawo yana samun caji mai kyau. Bayan gogayya, filastik yana samun caji mara kyau kuma Jawo yana samun caji mai kyau.
Adadin electrons da aka canja daga fur zuwa filastik iri ɗaya ne da adadin electrons da aka rasa daga filastik. Bayan gogayya, filastik yana da yawan electrons don haka yana yin caji mara kyau, yayin da gashi ke yin ƙarancin electrons don haka yana yin caji mara kyau. Cajin da ke kan filastik = adadin electrons - adadin protons. Haka nan, cajin da ke kan gashin fuka-fuki yana da = adadin protons - adadin electrons. Babu caji da aka rasa yayin gogayya, kuma ba a ƙirƙirar caji yayin gogayya ba, abin da ke faruwa shine canja wurin caji. Roba yana yin caji mara kyau kuma gashin fuka-fuki yana yin caji mara kyau. Don haka cajin lantarki har abada ne.
Dokar kiyaye cajin lantarki ya bayyana cewa a cikin tsarin rufewa, ba a ƙirƙirar cajin lantarki ko lalata shi ba amma kawai ana canja shi daga abu ɗaya zuwa wani. Lokacin da abu ɗaya ya sami caji mai kyau, wani abu a lokaci guda yana samun caji mara kyau, tare da kowane abu yana da cajin net iri ɗaya. Tsarin rufewa a cikin bayanin da ke sama an kwatanta shi kamar haka. Misali, lokacin da filastik da gashi suka yi karo da juna, ana ɗauka cewa canja wurin cajin lantarki yana faruwa ne kawai tsakanin filastik da gashi. Don haka gashin da filastik ne kawai ke hulɗa da juna. A zahiri, akwai iska a kusa da mu, don haka iska ba shakka tana da hannu a cikin tsarin gogayya tsakanin filastik da gashi. Idan kuma an yi la'akari da iska, dokar kiyaye caji har yanzu tana aiki ga filastik, gashi, da iska. Idan bayan gogayya filastik ya sami caji mara kyau da 5, misali, kuma gashin ya sami caji mara kyau da 3, to iskar da ke kewaye ma tana samun caji mara kyau da 2. Don haka jimlar cajin lantarki tsakanin waɗannan abubuwa uku masu hulɗa shine sifili. Idan filastik da gashi kawai suka yi hulɗa, lokacin da filastik ya sami caji mara kyau da 5, gashin ya sami caji mara kyau da 5, don haka jimlar cajin lantarki na filastik da gashi shine sifili. Cajin 2, 3, ko 5 misalai ne kawai. A zahiri, adadin cajin wutar lantarki ba shi da yawa, amma sau da yawa na cajin electron ko proton. Da fatan za a yi nazarin batun. cajin lantarki don fayyace fahimtarka game da adadin wutar lantarki da wani abu ke da shi.
