Dabaru na Takin Zamani don Orchids
An san orchids a matsayin tsire-tsire masu ado waɗanda ke da kyawun furanni na musamman, amma kuma galibi ana ɗaukar su "masu tsauri" don kulawa. Wani muhimmin abu da ke ƙayyade lafiya da ikon orchids don yin fure shine hadi. Taki ba wai kawai "bitamin" ba ne, amma tushen abubuwan gina jiki ne da ke taimaka wa orchids samar da tushe mai ƙarfi, ganye masu lafiya, da furanni masu ɗorewa. Duk da haka, dabarar da ake amfani da taki ga orchids ya bambanta da na tsire-tsire na yau da kullun da ke cikin tukunya saboda orchids gabaɗaya suna girma a haɗe (epiphytic), matsakaicin girma yana da ramuka, kuma tushen su yana da sauƙin kamuwa da gishirin taki. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi hadi a daidai gwargwado, a lokacin da ya dace, kuma a hanya madaidaiciya.
Fahimtar buƙatun abinci mai gina jiki na orchids
Gabaɗaya, orchids suna buƙatar macronutrients kamar nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), da potassium (K), da kuma ƙananan sinadarai kamar calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, da zinc. Nitrogen yana taka rawa wajen girma sabbin ganye da harbe-harbe, phosphorus yana tallafawa samuwar saiwoyi da furanni, yayin da potassium ke taimakawa wajen jure wa tsirrai, ingancin fure, da ƙarfin nama. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yawanci yana bayyana daga alamun kamar jinkirin girma, ganyen da ba su da haske, ƙarancin saiwoyi, ko wahalar fure. Akasin haka, yawan taki na iya haifar da ƙarshen ganyen baƙi, "ƙonewar tushen," da kuma lalacewar hanyoyin sadarwa cikin sauri saboda tarin gishiri.
San nau'ikan takin zamani don orchids
Dabaru na takin zamani suna farawa ne da zaɓar nau'in takin da ya dace. Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan takin zamani da yawa da ake amfani da su don orchids:
1. Takin sinadarai (marasa sinadarai) masu narkewa cikin ruwa
Ana amfani da shi sosai saboda yana da sauƙin sha kuma ana iya sarrafa yawan shansa. Yawanci yana zuwa ne a cikin siffar lu'ulu'u ko foda, kamar NPK tare da takamaiman tsari.
2. Takin zamani mai ruwa-ruwa
Takin zamani mai ruwa-ruwa zai iya taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin da kuma ƙara ƙananan sinadarai masu gina jiki, amma dole ne ka zaɓi wanda ya girma kuma ba shi da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi don kada ya haifar da fungi ko ƙwayoyin cuta.
3. Takin da ke fitar da ruwa a hankali
Ya dace da waɗanda ke neman sauƙi. Wannan taki yana fitar da sinadarai masu gina jiki a hankali. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar taka tsantsan, domin yawan danshi zai iya haifar da fitar da shi da sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani.
4. Takin zamani na musamman don lokacin girma
Mutane da yawa masu sha'awar sha'awa suna amfani da NPK mai yawan nitrogen (misali, 30-10-10) don lokacin ciyayi, NPK mai daidaito (misali, 20-20-20) don kulawa, da kuma NPK mai yawan phosphorus/potassium (misali, 10-30-20 ko 6-30-30) don ƙarfafa fure. Duk da haka, dole ne a daidaita dabarar da aka zaɓa da yanayin shuka da muhallinsa.
Ka'ida ta asali: "kaɗan kaɗan amma sau da yawa"
Kuskuren da aka saba yi wajen takin orchids shine yawan shan su da fatan samun damar yin fure da sauri. Duk da haka, orchids sun fi yin kyau da takin da aka narkar akai-akai. Ka'ida ta gama gari ita ce "rashin ƙarfi a kowane mako," wanda ya ƙunshi amfani da taki a kowane mako a ƙaramin taro. Wannan dabarar tana rage haɗarin ƙonewar tushe kuma tana kiyaye wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki. Idan ka zaɓi yin taki a kowane mako biyu, yawan amfanin zai iya ƙaruwa kaɗan, amma kada ka yi yawa.
Dabaru don shirya maganin taki
Idan ana amfani da taki mai narkewa cikin ruwa, a narkar da shi bisa ga umarnin da aka bayar a cikin kunshin, sannan a rage yawan zuwa kusan 1/4 zuwa 1/2 na yawan shukar da aka saba amfani da ita, musamman ga orchids a cikin ƙananan tukwane. Yi amfani da ruwa mai tsabta—zai fi dacewa ruwan sama, ruwan rijiya wanda ba shi da tauri sosai, ko ruwan da aka narkar. Ruwan da ya yi "calcareous" sosai zai iya kawo cikas ga shan abubuwan gina jiki da kuma haɓaka tarin ma'adanai a cikin ƙasa.
Kafin amfani, a juya maganin har sai ya narke gaba ɗaya. Idan ya cancanta, a tace shi don cire duk wani laka da zai iya toshe mai feshi. Ga orchids, daidaiton maganin yana da mahimmanci saboda tushensu yana da saurin kamuwa da canje-canje a yawan amfani.
Yadda ake shafa taki: shayar da ƙasa, fesa ganyen, ko jiƙa
Akwai hanyoyi da dama don yin takin orchids, kuma kowannensu yana da nasa manufa da fa'idodi:
1. Ban ruwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin wurin dasawa
Wannan ita ce hanya mafi yawan amfani. Ana zuba maganin taki a ciki har sai cakuda tukunya ya yi danshi daidai gwargwado kuma wasu daga ciki suna zubewa daga ramukan tukunya. Wannan yana bawa saiwoyin damar shan abubuwan gina jiki kuma yana hana taruwar gishiri saboda fitar ruwa. Wannan dabarar ta dace da tukwane da ke ɗauke da ferns, gawayi, guntun koko, ko gaurayen ɓawon pine.
2. Fesa (ciyar da foliar) a kan ganye da kuma tushen iska
Tsarin feshi yana haɓaka shan ruwa cikin sauri, musamman ma ƙananan sinadarai. Fesa kaɗan a ƙasan ganyen (inda stomata ke da yawa) da kuma tushen iska. Duk da haka, a guji barin maganin ya taru a cikin axils na ganye, domin wannan na iya haifar da ruɓewa. Ya kamata a fesa da safe don ba da damar bushewa da sauri.
3. Jiƙa tukunya
A jiƙa tukunyar a cikin ruwan taki na tsawon mintuna 5-15, sannan a tace ta. Wannan dabarar tana da tasiri ga hanyoyin da ba sa buƙatar jika daidai gwargwado. Duk da haka, a guji barin cakuda tukunyar ya yi danshi na dogon lokaci, domin danshi mai yawa zai iya haifar da ruɓewar mold da tushen sa, musamman a cikin orchids waɗanda ke buƙatar iska mai yawa.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don takin orchids
Lokacin yin taki yana da matuƙar tasiri ga yawan amfanin gona. Mafi kyau, ana yin taki da safe lokacin da yanayin zafi har yanzu yake sanyi kuma tsire-tsire sun shirya don photosynthesis. A guji yin taki a lokacin zafin rana, domin maganin yana ƙafewa da sauri kuma yana iya haifar da tabo ga ganye. A guji yin taki da daddare, domin yawan danshi da bushewa a hankali na iya haifar da cututtuka.
Bugu da ƙari, a kula da yanayin shukar. Orchids da ke girma sosai (sabbin saiwoyi ko ganye) sun fi mayar da hankali ga taki. Akasin haka, ya kamata a fara gyara orchids da aka dasa kwanan nan, waɗanda ke cikin damuwa, ko kuma waɗanda ba su da lafiya: a inganta shayarwa, haske, da zagayawar iska, sannan a fara yin taki a hankali da ƙaramin allurai.
Tsaftacewa: kurkura gishirin taki lokaci-lokaci
Wata muhimmiyar dabara da ake yawan mantawa da ita ita ce wankewar da taki. Duk bayan makonni 3-4 (ko kuma idan ana yin taki akai-akai), a wanke da ruwa mai tsafta har sai ruwan ya fito daga ƙasan tukunya. Wannan yana kawar da tarin gishirin taki wanda zai iya hana shan tushen. Alamomin "gishiri" galibi ana iya ganin su a matsayin farin ɓawon burodi a saman tukunyar, da kuma saiwoyin da suka yi baƙi.
Daidaita takin zamani bisa ga mataki
Domin a ƙara mai da hankali kan takin zamani, ana iya daidaita takin zuwa matakin girma:
– Lokacin cin ganyayyaki (ci gaban ganye da tushen): yi amfani da takin da ya fi nitrogen yawa, amma a bar shi ya narke.
– Matakin samuwar ciyayi/ƙwai: rage nitrogen, ƙara yawan phosphorus da potassium a hankali.
– Lokacin fure: A guji yawan takin nitrogen don hana faɗuwar fure da wuri. A mai da hankali kan sinadarin potassium da micronutrients don ingancin launi da tsawon lokacin fure.
– Lokacin hutu (wasu nau'ikan orchids): rage yawan taki, kawai a rage yawan kulawa.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ba duk orchids suna da takamaiman "lokacin hutawa ba." Wasu Dendrobiums, misali, na iya buƙatar tsarin kulawa daban-daban fiye da Phalaenopsis ko Cattleyas. Saboda haka, ku san nau'in orchid ɗin da kuke kula da shi.
Kurakurai da za a guji
Wasu kurakuran da ake yawan samu na takin zamani da ke haifar da matsalolin orchid sun haɗa da: shafa taki mai yawa, yin taki idan takin ya bushe sannan a shafa mai nan take (ya fi aminci a jika shi da farko), barin maganin ya taru a saman ganyen, da kuma ci gaba da yin taki ba tare da kurkura ba. Bugu da ƙari, takin zamani ba zai yi tasiri ba idan babu isasshen haske, ruɓewar tushen sa, ko kuma takin yana ruɓewa. Takin zamani ƙarin abu ne, ba madadin kulawa ta asali ba.
Penutup
Yin takin orchids yana buƙatar daidaito, amma ba sai ya zama mai rikitarwa ba. Mabuɗin shine zaɓar nau'in taki da ya dace, shafa shi a cikin ƙananan allurai amma masu daidaito, amfani da hanyoyin amfani da lafiya (ban ruwa, feshi, ko jiƙa), kula da lokacin yin takin, da kuma yin kurkure gishiri akai-akai. Da dabarar da ta dace, orchids za su yi girma cikin koshin lafiya, su sami saiwoyi masu aiki, sabbin ganye kore, kuma daga ƙarshe su samar da kyawawan furanni masu ɗorewa. Idan kun kasance masu daidaito kuma kuna son sa ido kan martanin tsire-tsire, takin zai zama babban makamin ku na ƙarfafa orchids su yi fure akai-akai a gida.
