Jawowar Nauyi a Duniya
Nauyi yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙarfi a sararin samaniya. Ko da yake ba a iya gani, tasirinsa ana jin sa a kowane lokaci: abubuwa suna faɗuwa ƙasa, ruwa yana kwarara zuwa ƙananan tsaunuka, kuma za mu iya tsayawa a tsaye ba tare da shawagi a sararin samaniya ba. Daga cikin hanyoyin daban-daban na nauyi, wanda ya fi kusanci da rayuwar ɗan adam shine jan hankalin nauyi na Duniya. Wannan ƙarfin yana riƙe mutane, dabbobi, tsirrai, tekuna, da sararin samaniya a haɗe da duniya, kuma yana daidaita motsin abubuwa da yawa a kewayen Duniya, gami da tauraron ɗan adam na wucin gadi.
Fahimtar ƙarfin nauyi
A taƙaice dai, jan hankali na nauyi shine ƙarfin da ke jan hankalin abubuwa da yawa zuwa ga juna. Saboda Duniya tana da babban nauyi, tana jan komai a kusa da ita zuwa tsakiyarta. Wannan jan hankalin ya shafi dukkan abubuwa: duwatsu, ruwa, jikin ɗan adam, har ma da iska. Girman nauyin abu, haka nan ƙarfin ƙarfinsa yake.
An yi bayanin wannan ra'ayi a kimiyyance ta hanyar dokar nauyi ta duniya, wadda Isaac Newton ya shahara da ita. Bisa ga ƙa'idar Newton, ƙarfin nauyi tsakanin abubuwa biyu ya dogara ne da yawansu da kuma nisan da ke tsakaninsu. Wannan yana nufin cewa Duniya tana jan hankalinmu saboda yawanta, kuma muna kuma jan hankalin Duniya, amma ƙarfinmu ƙarami ne har ba a iya ganinsa a kullum.
Me yasa abubuwa ke faɗuwa ƙasa?
Idan aka saki wani abu daga hannu, zai motsa "ƙasa," wato, zuwa tsakiyar Duniya. Ƙasa ba iri ɗaya ba ne a ko'ina idan aka duba shi daga sararin samaniya; "ƙasa" koyaushe yana nufin zuwa tsakiyar duniya. Shi ya sa mutane a sassa daban-daban na Duniya har yanzu suna jin kamar suna tsaye a saman duniya, ba wai suna juyewa ko faɗuwa cikin sararin samaniya ba.
Wani muhimmin abu kuma shine saurin nauyi. Kusa da saman Duniya, abu mai faɗuwa yana fuskantar saurin kusan 9,8 m/s². Wannan yana nufin cewa kowace daƙiƙa saurin abu yana ƙaruwa da kimanin mita 9,8 a kowace daƙiƙa (idan ba a yi watsi da juriyar iska ba). Shi ya sa abubuwan da ke faɗuwa ke ƙaruwa har sai sun faɗi ƙasa.
Nauyi, nauyi, da nauyi: sau da yawa ana rikicewa
A rayuwar yau da kullum, mutane da yawa suna kwatanta "nauyi" da "nauyi", duk da cewa biyun sun bambanta.
– Mass shine adadin abu a cikin abu. Mass baya canzawa koda an mayar da abu zuwa wani wuri.
– Nauyi shine ƙarfin nauyi da ke aiki akan nauyin. Nauyi ya dogara da saurin gudu saboda nauyi.
Wata dabara mai sauƙi wadda ake yawan amfani da ita ita ce:
Nauyi (W) = nauyi (m) × hanzari saboda nauyi (g)
Idan mutum yana da nauyin kilogiram 50 a Duniya, nauyinsa ya kai kimanin 50 × 9,8 = newtons 490. Da wannan mutumin yana kan Wata, saurin da nauyi ke haifarwa zai ragu, don haka nauyinsa zai ragu sosai—ko da yake nauyinsa zai kasance kilogiram 50.
Me yasa nauyin ƙasa ba iri ɗaya bane a ko'ina?
Duk da cewa galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ba ya canzawa, nauyin ƙasa ya ɗan bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri. Akwai dalilai da dama na wannan:
1. Siffar Duniya ba ta da cikakken zagaye
Duniya ta ɗan yi "ƙumburi" a tsakiyar duniya kuma ta fi faɗi a kan sandunan. Sakamakon haka, nisan da ke tsakanin wani a tsakiyar duniya zuwa tsakiyar duniya ya ɗan yi nisa da wanda ke tsakiyar duniya, don haka ƙarfinsu ya ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan.
2. Juyawan Duniya
Duniya tana juyawa a kan axis ɗinta. Wannan juyawar tana da tasirin rage ƙarfin da ke zuwa tsakiya, musamman a equator. Saboda haka, nauyin abu a equator ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na sandunan.
3. Tsayin wuri
Mafi girman wurin da aka gina shi sama da matakin teku, haka nan kuma mafi nisa daga tsakiyar Duniya, don haka ƙarfin nauyi yana da ɗan ƙasa. Saboda haka, nauyi a saman dutse bai kai matakin teku ba.
4. Yaɗuwar nauyi a cikin Duniya
Duniya ba ta da cikakken yawan duwatsu. Bambance-bambance a tsarin duwatsu, tsaunuka, har ma da kwaruruka na iya haifar da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin nauyin nauyi na gida.
Wannan bambanci ba a iya ganinsa sosai a ayyukan yau da kullum ba, amma yana da mahimmanci a ma'aunin kimiyya, taswirar yanayin ƙasa, da kuma kewayawa daidai.
Matsayin nauyi na duniya ga rayuwa
Ba tare da ƙarfin nauyi na Duniya ba, da rayuwa kamar yadda muka sani ba za ta wanzu ba. Ga wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyukanta:
– Rike yanayi
Nauyin nauyi yana hana iskar gas kamar iskar oxygen da nitrogen tsayawa a Duniya. Idan babu yanayi, yanayin zafi zai yi tsanani, babu iskar da za a iya shaƙa, kuma kariya daga hasken rana za ta ragu.
- Yana kiyaye ruwa a saman
Teku, tafkuna, koguna, har ma da ruwan ƙasa duk suna ƙarƙashin "nauyin nauyi". Idan nauyi ya yi rauni sosai, ruwa zai iya fita cikin sararin samaniya cikin sauƙi, musamman a cikin dogon lokaci.
- Yana taimakawa wajen zagayawa ruwa
Ruwan sama yana sauka ne saboda girman ƙasa yana jan ɗigon ruwa zuwa ƙasa. Koguna kuma suna kwarara zuwa teku saboda girman ƙasa yana jan ruwa zuwa ƙananan tuddai.
– Samar da tsarin jiki na abubuwa masu rai
Jikin ɗan adam ya saba da nauyin duniya tsawon miliyoyin shekaru. Ƙasusuwa, tsokoki, da tsarin zagayawar jini suna aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa 'yan sama jannati a sararin samaniya ke fuskantar canje-canje a cikin jiki kamar raguwar yawan tsoka da yawan ƙashi.
Nauyi da kewayawa: me yasa tauraron dan adam ba sa faɗuwa?
Yana iya zama kamar abin mamaki: idan nauyin ƙasa ya jawo komai ƙasa, me yasa tauraron dan adam zai iya ci gaba da "shawagi" a sararin samaniya? Tauraron dan adam suna faɗuwa zuwa Duniya koyaushe, amma kuma suna da saurin kwance mai yawa. Sakamakon haka, tauraron dan adam suna faɗuwa daidai da lanƙwasa na Duniya, suna samar da kewayawa.
A wata ma'anar, zagayen duniya sakamakon daidaito ne tsakanin:
- jan nauyi da ke jan tauraron dan adam zuwa Duniya, kuma
- saurin tangential wanda ke sa tauraron dan adam ya ci gaba.
Haka kuma wannan ƙa'ida ta bayyana motsin Wata yana zagaya Duniya da kuma Duniya yana zagaya Rana.
Tasirin nauyi akan abubuwan da ke faruwa a Duniya
Jawowar nauyi a duniya yana shafar abubuwa da yawa na halitta, misali:
- Tafkin ruwa
Babban tasirin ruwan sama yana faruwa ne sakamakon ƙarfin Wata da Rana a Duniya, amma har yanzu nauyin ƙasa yana taka rawa domin ruwa yana "daure" da duniya kuma yana motsawa bisa ga ƙarfin ƙarfin waɗannan halittun sama.
- Zaftarewar ƙasa da duwatsu
Nauyin nauyi yana jan ƙasa da duwatsu ƙasa. Idan gangaren suka yi tsayi sosai ko kuma ƙasa ta rasa ƙarfin ɗaurewa, ƙarfin nauyi yana haifar da motsi mai yawa.
- Matsi na iska da yanayi
Ana riƙe yanayin ta hanyar nauyi, wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba. Bambancin matsin lamba da zafin jiki yana shafar samuwar iska da yanayin yanayi.
Nauyi a cikin ra'ayin zamani
Newton ya bayyana nauyi a matsayin ƙarfin jan hankali tsakanin taro. Duk da haka, a cikin kimiyyar lissafi ta zamani, musamman ta hanyar ka'idar Albert Einstein ta dangantaka ta gabaɗaya, ana fahimtar nauyi a matsayin sakamakon lanƙwasa na lokacin sarari da lokaci wanda taro da kuzari suka haifar. Duniya tana "lanƙwasa" lokacin sarari da lokaci a kusa da ita, kuma abubuwa suna motsawa bisa ga wannan lanƙwasa. Duk da cewa wannan na iya yin kama da rikitarwa, a sikelin yau da kullun, sakamakon ya yi daidai da lissafin Newton kuma sun isa daidai don dalilai da yawa.
Kammalawa
Jawowar nauyi a duniya shine babban ƙarfin da ke sa rayuwa ta yiwu a wannan duniyar. Yana bayyana dalilin da yasa abubuwa ke faɗuwa, dalilin da yasa muke da nauyi, yadda ruwa ke gudana, yadda ake kula da yanayi, har ma da yadda tauraron dan adam ke zagayawa. Ko da yake sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ba ya canzawa, nauyin ƙasa yana ɗan bambanta dangane da wuri, tsayi, da kuma siffar Duniya. Fahimtar nauyi ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen bayyana abubuwa masu sauƙi kamar apple da ke faɗuwa daga itace ba, har ma yana buɗe fahimtar yadda sararin samaniya ke aiki, daga kewayar duniya zuwa tafiye-tafiyen sararin samaniya.
