11 Misalan tambayoyi kan amfani da dokar farko ta thermodynamics ga hanyoyin thermodynamic daban-daban (isobaric, isothermal, isochoric)
1. Jadawalin da ke ƙasa yana nuna zagayowar thermodynamic da gas ke fuskanta. Aikin da iskar gas ke yi a cikin tsarin ABCD shine…
Tattaunawa
An sani :
Matsi na 1 (P)1= 2 x 105 Pa
Matsi na 2 (P)2= 4 x 105 Pa
Juzu'i na 1 (V)1= 1m3
Juzu'i na 2 (V)2= 3m3
An tambaya Aikin da iskar gas ta yi a cikin tsarin zagayowar ABCD
Jawab :
Aikin da ake yi da iskar gas = yankin murabba'i mai siffar murabba'i ABCD.
W = (P)2 - P1)(V2 - V1)
W = (4 x 105 - 2 x 105)(3 – 1)
W = (2 x 105(2)
W = 4 x 105 Joule
Aikin da iskar gas ke yi a cikin tsarin zagayowar ABCD shine 4 x 105 Joule.
2. Aikin da iskar gas ke yi a tsarin zagayowar ABC shine…
Tattaunawa
An sani :
Matsi na 1 (P)1= 3 x 105 Pa
Matsi na 2 (P)2= 6 x 105 Pa
Juzu'i na 1 (V)1= 20 cm3 = 20 x10-6 m3
Juzu'i na 2 (V)2= 60 cm3 = 60 x10-6 m3
An tambaya Aikin da gas ke yi a tsarin zagayowar ABC
Jawab :
Aikin da gas ke yi = yankin alwatika ABCD.
W = ½ (P)2 - P1)(V2 - V1)
W = ½ (6 x 10)5 - 3 x 105)(60 x 10-6 - 20 x 10-6)
W = ½ (3 x 10)5)(40 x 10-6)
W = ½ (120 x 10)-1 Joule)
W = ½ (Joules 12)
W = Joule 6
Aikin da iskar gas ke yi a cikin tsarin zagayowar ABC shine Joules 6.
3. Jadawalin matsin lamba (P) idan aka kwatanta da girma (V) na iskar gas a cikin rufaffiyar sarari. Sashen jadawalin da ke nuna iskar gas tana aiki akan muhalli shine…
Tattaunawa
Tsarin AB da tsari DC hanyoyin isobaric ne. Tsarin AD da tsari BC hanyoyin isochoric ne.
Iskar gas tana aiki a kan muhalli idan iskar gas ta faɗaɗa ta yadda girman sararin da iskar gas ke mamaye ya ƙaru (tsarin DC). Muhalli yana aiki akan iskar gas idan iskar gas ta yi ƙunci ta yadda girman sararin da iskar gas ke mamaye ya ragu (tsarin BC).
4. Duk iskar gas mai kyau suna fuskantar tsari na isochoric don haka...
A. Duk kwayoyin halitta suna da irin wannan gudu
B. a yanayin zafi mai yawa matsakaicin saurin ƙwayoyin halitta ya fi girma
C. matsin iskar gas ya kasance iri ɗaya
D. iskar gas za ta yi aiki
E. ba shi da makamashin ciki
Tattaunawa
Isochoric = ƙarar da ba ta canzawa.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
5. Ana matse adadin iskar gas mai kyau ta hanyar tsarin thermodynamic daga jiha 1 zuwa jiha 2 kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin jadawalin PV mai zuwa. Aikin da iskar gas ɗin ta yi shine…
A. -180 J
B. -90 J
C. -30 J
D. 30 J
E. 90 J
Tattaunawa
Lita 1 = 0,001 m3
An sani cewa :
Matsi na 1 (P1 ) = 10 kPa = 10.000 Pa = 10.000 N/ m2
Matsi na 2 (P2 ) = 20 kPa = 20.000 Pa = 20.000 N/ m2
Juzu'i na 1 (V 1 ) = lita 4 = 4 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,004 m 3
Juzu'i na 2 (V 2 ) = lita 10 = 10 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,010 m 3
Ana nema : Aikin (W) da gas ɗin ya yi
Amsa:
W = P (V 2 – V 1 ) + 1/2 (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = 10.000 ( 0,010-0,004) + 1/2 (20.000-10.000) (0,010-0,004)
W = 10.000 (0,006) + 1/2 (10.000) (0,006)
W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10) (6)
W = 60 + 1/2 (60)
W = 60 + 30
W = Joule 90
Amsar da ta dace ita ce E.
6. Kalli zanen PV da ke gefe!
Aikin da aka samar a cikin tsarin thermodynamic a cikin zagaye ɗaya shine…
A. 100 kJ
B. 200 kJ
C. 300 kJ
D. 400 kJ
E. 600 kJ
Tattaunawa
An sani cewa :
Matsi na 1 (P1 ) = 1 x 10 5 Pa = 1 x 10 5 N/m 2
Matsi na 2 (P2 ) = 3 x 10 5 Pa = 3 x 10 5 N/m 2
Juzu'i na 1 (V 1 ) = 2 m 3
Juzu'i na 2 (V 2 ) = 4 m 3
An tambaya : An samar da aikin (W).
Amsa :
Aikin da aka yi = yankin quadrilateral abcd.
W = (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = (3 x 10 5 – 1 x 10 5 )(4 – 2)
W = (2 x 10 5 )(2)
W = Joules 4 x 105
W = Joule 400.000
W = Kilogiram 400 na Joule
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
7. Iskar gas mai kyau tana fuskantar wani tsari kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane na PV a hannun dama. Aikin da aka yi a wannan tsari shine…
A. 35 J
B. 24 J
C. 15 J
D. 12 J
E. 6 J
Tattaunawa
An sani cewa :
Matsi na 1 (P1 ) = 1 N/ m2
Matsi na 2 (P2 ) = 7 N/ m2
Juzu'i na 1 (V 1 ) = 1 m 3
Juzu'i na 2 (V 2 ) = 5 m 3
An tambaya: An gama aikin (W).
Amsa:
An gama aikin = yankin ABC mai kusurwa uku.
W = ½ (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = ½ ( 7-1 )( 5-1 )
W = ½ ( 6 )( 4 )
W = ½ (24)
W = Joule 12
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
8. 0,02 mol na iskar gas mai ƙarfin 350 K yana cikin akwati mai rufewa. Nawa ne zafin da ake buƙata don ƙara zafin iskar gas zuwa 400 K? Matsayin iskar gas na duniya, R = 8,31 J mol-1 K-1.
A. Joule 10
B. 12,5 Joule
C. 14 Joule
D. 15,5 Joule
E. 17 Joule
Tattaunawa:
An sani :
n = 0,02 mol
T1 = 350 K
T2 = 400 K
R = 8,31 J/mol K
An tambaya :
Zafi (Q)?
Jawab :
A cikin tsarin isochoric (ƙara mai ɗorewa), Q = delta U
Bayani: Q = zafi, delta U = canjin kuzarin ciki, U = makamashin ciki
9. Moles biyu na iskar gas mai siffar monatomic a zafin jiki na 20 oC da matsin lamba 2 × 105 Pa yana yin aikin isochoric har sai matsin lamba ya zama 4 × 105 Pa. Idan ma'aunin iskar gas na duniya = 8,31 J/mol K, to canjin makamashin ciki na iskar gas shine…
A. 7304 J
B. 6200 J
C. 2291 J
D. 2128 J
E. 1208 J
Tattaunawa:
An sani :
n = 2 mol
T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K
P1 = 2 x105 Pa
P2 = 4 x105 Pa
R = 8,31 J/mol K
An tambaya :
Canjin makamashin ciki (delta U)?
Jawab :
delta U = 3/2 nR(T)2-T1)
Ƙidaya T2 Da farko yi amfani da dabarar dokar Gay-Lussac (ƙari mai ɗorewa)
10. Sashen jadawalin matsin lamba (P) - girma (V) wanda ke nuna aikin waje na karɓar iskar gas shine...
A. AB
B. CD
C. BC
D. DA
E. AC
Tattaunawa :
Idan an yi aiki akan iskar gas, ƙarar sa tana ƙaruwa. Akasin haka, idan an yi aiki akan iskar gas daga tushen waje, ƙarar sa tana raguwa. Tsarin da aka nuna a cikin jadawalin da ke sama wanda ke nuna raguwar ƙarar iskar gas shine tsarin CD.
Don haka amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
11. Jadawalin da ke ƙasa suna nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin matsin lamba (P) da girma (V) na iskar gas da ke fuskantar wani aiki.
Tsarin da ke samar da mafi girman ƙoƙari an nuna shi a cikin lambar jadawali ...
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
Tattaunawa :
Aikin da aka yi = yankin. Girman yankin, girman aikin da aka yi. An nuna mafi girman yanki a cikin jadawali na 3.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
