Tambayoyi Misali Game da Juriya ta Ohmic da ta Non-Ohmic
Pendahuluan
Juriya a cikin da'irori na lantarki muhimmin ra'ayi ne da ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar fasahar lantarki da na'urorin lantarki. Juriya tana ƙayyade adadin wutar lantarki da za ta ratsa wani abu idan aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki a kansa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan juriya guda biyu da aka sani a fannin kimiyyar lissafi: juriyar ohmic da juriyar da ba ta ohmic ba. Wannan labarin zai ba da cikakken bayani game da nau'ikan juriya guda biyu, tare da misalai da dama na matsaloli da tattaunawa don zurfafa fahimtarka.
Juriyar Ohmic
Juriya ta Ohmic juriya ce da ke bin dokar Ohm, wadda ta bayyana cewa kwararar wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin na'urar sadarwa tsakanin maki biyu daidai take da ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin waɗannan maki biyu. A lissafi, ana iya rubuta wannan doka kamar haka:
"'math
V = IR
““
Ina:
- V shine ƙarfin lantarki (V)
– Ni ne na yanzu (Ampere)
- R shine juriya (Ohm)
Abubuwan da ke da juriyar ohmic yawanci suna da jadawalin alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki a cikin nau'in layi madaidaiciya.
Tambayoyin Misali na Juriya da Ohmic
Tambaya ta 1: An haɗa resistor mai juriya na 10 Ohms da ƙarfin lantarki na Volts 5. Lissafa wutar da ke gudana ta cikin resistor.
Tattaunawa:
Amfani da Dokar Ohm:
\[V = IR \]
An sani:
– V = 5 Volt
– R = 10 Ohm
Don haka:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{5}{10} = 0,5 \, \text{Ampere} \]
Saboda haka, ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin resistor shine 0,5 amperes.
Misali Tambaya ta 2 Juriyar Ohmic a cikin Da'irori Masu Layi
Tambaya ta 2: An haɗa resistor guda biyu, kowannensu yana da juriya na Ohms 4 da Ohms 6, a layi ɗaya sannan a haɗa shi da tushen wutar lantarki na Volt 12. A ƙididdige jimlar wutar lantarki da ke gudana a cikin da'irar.
Tattaunawa:
A cikin da'irar layi daya, ƙarfin lantarki a kan kowace resistor iri ɗaya ne:
– V = 12 Volt
Domin samun jimlar wutar lantarki, dole ne mu fara nemo wutar lantarki a cikin kowace resistor ta amfani da dokar Ohm, sannan mu haɗa su wuri ɗaya.
1. Wutar lantarki a cikin resistor 4 Ohm:
\[ I_1 = \frac{V}{R_1} = \frac{12}{4} = 3 \, \text{Ampere} \]
2. Wutar lantarki a cikin resistor 6 Ohm:
\[ I_2 = \frac{V}{R_2} = \frac{12}{6} = 2 \, \text{Ampere} \]
Jimlar wutar lantarki a cikin da'irar ita ce:
\[ I_{jimlar} = I_1 + I_2 = 3 + 2 = 5 \, \text{Ampere} \]
Saboda haka, jimlar wutar lantarki da ke gudana a cikin da'irar shine amperes 5.
Juriya Ba Tare Da Ohmic Ba
Juriya mara ohm ita ce juriya da ba ta bin dokar Ohm ba. A cikin sassan da ke da juriya mara ohm, dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu ba ta layi ba ce kuma tana iya dogara da wasu abubuwa da dama kamar zafin jiki, mita, ko filin lantarki. Wasu misalai sune fitilun incandescent, diodes, da transistors.
Misalan Tambayoyi Kan Juriya Ba Tare Da Ohmic Ba
Tambaya ta 3: Diode mai kyau yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na 0.7 Volts. Idan an ɗauki juriyar diode mai kyau a matsayin ƙarami, wane wutar lantarki ne zai gudana idan aka yi amfani da wannan ƙarfin lantarki?
Tattaunawa:
A cikin diode mai kyau, idan aka yi la'akari da gaba, diode zai bar wutar lantarki ta gudana ba tare da wata juriya ba. Saboda haka, kwararar wutar lantarki ana tantance ta ne ta hanyar juriyarta, wanda kusan sifili ne. A cikin yanayin da ya dace, wannan juriyar tana da ƙanƙanta sosai har wutar lantarki tana iyakance ta ne kawai ta hanyar ƙarfin tushen wutar lantarki.
Saboda diode ya dace, wutar lantarki na iya zama babba sosai, yana kusantar ƙarfin tushen wutar lantarki da kuma da'irar da ke da alaƙa da ita. Duk da haka, a aikace-aikace, juriyar sauran da'irori da iyakokin ƙarfin wutar lantarki za su ƙayyade ainihin wutar lantarki a zahiri.
Idan tushen wutar lantarki zai iya samar da wutar lantarki mara iyaka, to ana iya ɗauka cewa kwararar wutar tana da girma sosai amma a zahiri ba ta da ma'ana ba tare da an ƙayyade iyakar wutar ba bisa ga ƙarfin tushen.
Misali Tambaya ta 4: Juriyar Rashin Tsauri a Fitilun da ke Incandescent
Tambaya ta 4: Fitilar wutar lantarki tana da sifofi marasa ohmic tare da ƙarfin lantarki na Volts 220 da kuma amfani da wutar lantarki na Watts 100. Lissafa juriyar fitilar lokacin da fitilar ke kunne bisa ga ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na asali.
Tattaunawa:
An sani:
– V = 220 Volt
– P = Watt 100
Ta amfani da dabarar wutar lantarki,
\[ P = VI \]
Don haka wutar lantarki da ke gudana:
\[ I = \frac{P}{V} = \frac{100}{220} \approx 0.455 \, \text{Ampere} \]
Na gaba, ta amfani da dokar Ohm,
\[ R = \frac{V}{I} = \frac{220}{0.455} \approx 484 \, \text{Ohm} \]
Don haka, juriyar fitilar incandescent lokacin da aka kunna ta da ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na musamman yana kusa da 484 Ohms.
Kammalawa
Fahimtar bambanci tsakanin juriyar ohmic da wadda ba ohmic ba yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a nazarin da'irar lantarki. juriyar ohmic tana bin dokar Ohm, tare da alaƙar layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da wutar lantarki, yayin da juriyar da ba ohmic ba ba ta layi ba ce kuma wasu dalilai da dama na iya shafar ta. Tare da misalai da tattaunawa daban-daban da aka gabatar a sama, za mu iya fahimtar yadda waɗannan nau'ikan juriya guda biyu ke aiki da kuma yadda ake ƙididdige ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki, da juriya a cikin da'irar lantarki.
Sanin juriyar ohmic da non-ohmic yana da matuƙar amfani, musamman ga waɗanda ke aiki a injiniyan lantarki ko na lantarki, domin yana taimakawa wajen tsara da kuma nazarin da'irori yadda ya kamata da inganci.
