Tambayoyi Masu Sample akan Tattaunawar Haske Mai Ganuwa
Pendahuluan
Hasken da ake iya gani shine ɓangaren hasken lantarki da ake iya gani a idon ɗan adam. Tsawon tsawon hasken da ake iya gani yana tsakanin nanomita 380 zuwa 740. Wannan hasken ya ƙunshi launuka daban-daban waɗanda za a iya raba su ta hanyar refraction ko diffraction. Sau da yawa ana nazarin wannan lamari a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, musamman a babi kan na'urorin gani.
Haske wani nau'i ne na makamashi mai mahimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun kuma muhimmin batu ne a cikin matsalolin kimiyyar lissafi daban-daban. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna misalai da yawa na matsaloli da yadda za a magance su dangane da haske da ake gani.
Tambayoyi da Tattaunawa Samfura
Tambaya ta 1: Hasken Farar Haske
Ana amfani da gilashin prism don raba hasken fari zuwa launukan da ke cikinsa. Lissafa launukan da suka samo asali daga hasken fari ta hanyar prism, daga mafi guntu zuwa mafi tsayin tsayin tsayi.
Tattaunawa:
Hasken fari yana ƙunshe da launuka daban-daban tare da tsawon tsayi daban-daban. Lokacin da aka wuce hasken fari ta cikin prism, kowane ɓangaren launi yana lanƙwasa a kusurwa daban-daban dangane da tsawonsa. Tsarin launuka daga mafi guntu zuwa mafi tsayi tsawon tsayi shine:
1. Shuɗi
2. Shuɗi
3. Kore
4. Rawaya
5. Lemu
6. Ja
Shunayya tana da gajeren tsawon tsayi (~380 nm) kuma an fi karkata ta, yayin da ja ke da tsawon tsayin tsayi (~700 nm) kuma ba ta karkata ta mafi ƙaranci ba.
Tambaya ta 2: Ma'aunin Haske
Haske mai tsawon inci 600 yana cikin ruwa mai tsawon inci 600. Hasken yana shiga wani matsakaici na biyu, wato gilashi mai girman inci 1,5. Lissafa kusurwar juyawa idan kusurwar da ke faruwa a cikin ruwa ta kai digiri 30. Ma'aunin juyawar ruwa shine 1,33.
Tattaunawa:
Yi amfani da dokar Snell, wadda ta ce:
\[n_1 \sin \theta_1 = n_2 \sin \theta_2 \]
An bayar:
– Ma'aunin ruwa mai haske, \( n_1 = 1,33 \)
– Ma'aunin haske na gilashi, \( n_2 = 1,5 \)
– Kusurwar faruwar ruwa, \( \theta_1 = 30^\cir \)
Don haka:
\[1,33 \sin 30^\circ = 1,5 \sin \theta_2 \]
Tunda \(\sin 30^\circ = 0,5\), maye gurbinsa cikin lissafin:
\[ 1,33 \sau 0,5 = 1,5 \sin \theta_2 \]
\[ 0,665 = 1,5 \sin \theta_2 \]
\[ \sin \theta_2 = \frac{0,665}{1,5} \]
\[ \sin \theta_2 = 0,4433 \]
Nemo kusurwar refraction \( \theta_2 \):
\[ \theta_2 = \sin^{-1}(0,4433) \kimanin 26,4^\circle \]
Don haka, kusurwar refraction a cikin gilashin \( \theta_2 \) yana da kusan digiri 26,4.
Tambaya ta 3: Tsangwama Mai Sauƙi
An haska wasu ƙananan ramuka guda biyu masu layi ɗaya, waɗanda suka rabu da nisa mai tsawon mita 0,1, ta hanyar hasken monochromatic mai tsawon mita 500 nm. Hasken yana samar da tsarin tsangwama a kan allo mai nisan mita 2 daga ramukan. Lissafa nisan da ke tsakanin madaukai biyu masu haske a jere akan allon.
Tattaunawa:
Yi amfani da lissafi don nisan da ke tsakanin madaukai masu haske guda biyu a jere a cikin tsarin tsangwama mai ragi biyu:
\[ \Delta y = \frac{\lambda L}{d} \]
An bayar:
– Tsawon hasken, mita 500 sau 10^{-9}
– Nisa daga tsagewa zuwa allo, mita (L = 2 \)
– Nisa tsakanin ramukan biyu, mita (d = 0,1 sau 10^{-3} \)
Maye gurbin waɗannan dabi'u:
\[ \Delta y = \frac{500 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m} \times 2 \text{ m}}{0,1 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}} \]
\[ \Delta y = \frac{1000 \sau 10^{-9} \text{ m}}{0,1 \sau 10^{-3} \text{ m}} \]
\[ \Delta y = \frac{1000 \sau 10^{-9}}{10^{-4}} \]
\[ \Delta y = 10^{-5 + 4} \]
\[ \Delta y = 10^{-1} \]
\[ \Delta y = 0,01 \rubutu{ m} \]
Don haka, nisan da ke tsakanin sanduna biyu masu haske a jere akan allon shine mita 0,01 ko 1 cm.
Tambaya ta 4: Bambancin Haske
Haske mai tsawon zango na \( \lambda = 600 \) nm yana ratsawa ta cikin rami ɗaya mai faɗin \(a = 0,02 \) mm. An kama tsarin rarrabuwar da aka samu a kan allo mita 3 daga ramin. Lissafa faɗin band ɗin duhu na farko daga tsakiyar tsarin rarrabuwar.
Tattaunawa:
Yi amfani da lissafi don faɗin madaurin duhu na farko (tsarin rarrabawa guda ɗaya):
\[ y = \frac{m \lambda L}{a} \]
Ga farkon madaurin duhu, \( m = 1 \):
\[ y = \frac{1 \sau 600 \sau 10^{-9} \text{ m} \sau 3 \text{ m}}{0,02 \sau 10^{-3} \text{ m}} \]
Sauya dabi'u:
\[ y = \frac{600 \sau 10^{-9} \text{ m} \sau 3 \text{ m}}{0,02 \sau 10^{-3} \text{ m}} \]
\[ y = \frac{1800 \sau 10^{-9} \text{ m}}{0,02 \sau 10^{-3} \text{ m}} \]
\[ y = \frac{1800}{0,02} \sau 10^{-6} \text{ m} \]
\[ y = \frac{1800}{0,02} \sau 10^{-6} \text{ m} \]
\[ y = 90000 \sau 10^{-6} \text{ m} \]
\[y = 0,09 \rubutu{ m} \]
Don haka, faɗin farkon band mai duhu daga tsakiyar tsarin diffraction shine mita 0,09 ko 9 cm.
Kammalawa
Hasken da ake iya gani shine yankin da hasken lantarki ke iya gani wanda idon ɗan adam ke iya gani kuma yana da mahimmanci ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a gani kamar su refraction, interference, da diffraction. Fahimtar mahimman ra'ayoyi da kuma iya magance matsalolin da suka shafi waɗannan abubuwan yana da mahimmanci ga ɗalibai da masu bincike. A cikin wannan labarin, mun sake duba misalai da yawa na matsaloli, tare da bayani, don taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda hasken da ake iya gani yake hulɗa da wani abu kuma yana samar da abubuwa daban-daban na gani. Tare da fahimtar da ta dace, za mu iya bincika ƙarin aikace-aikacen haske da ake iya gani a kimiyya da fasaha.
