Misalai 13 na Raƙuman Inji
1. Bambancin mataki na raƙuman ruwa masu ratsawa
Kalli hoton da ke ƙasan hoton sinusoidal wave !
Idan tsawon sinusoid ɗin da ke sama ya kai cm 80, to, wurin da ke da bambancin mataki na ¾ shine…
A. P tare da Q
B. P tare da R
C. P tare da S
D. Q tare da S
E. R tare da S
Tattaunawa
PQ = tsawon tsayin 3/4
PR = 1 1/2 = 1,5 tsawon tsayi
PS = tsawon tsayi 2
QS = 1 1/4 = tsawon tsayi 1,25
RS = 1/2 tsawon tsayi
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
2. Bututun gabobi a buɗe da a rufe
An samar da bututun organ guda biyu, ɗaya a buɗe ɗayan kuma a rufe, kowannensu yana da tsayi daidai gwargwado. Idan saurin sauti a cikin iska shine 340 m/s, to rabon mitar overtone na bututun organ guda biyu da mitar overtone na bututun organ guda biyu da aka rufe shine…
Tattaunawa
An sani:
Tsawon bututun organ da aka buɗe da kuma wanda aka rufe iri ɗaya ne.
Saurin sauti a iska (v) = 340 m/s
An tambaya:
Amsa: Kwatanta mitar f na sautin overtone na biyu (f 3 ) na bututun gabobi da aka buɗe da kuma rufe
Buɗaɗɗen bututun gawayi
Bututun organ da aka buɗe ko bututun da aka buɗe bututu ne wanda ke da ƙarshensa biyu a buɗe kamar yadda yake a hoton da ke gefe.
Hoton da ke hannun dama jadawalin raƙuman sauti ne a cikin bututun organ da ke buɗe, inda ƙwayoyin suna wakiltar yawan iska, kuma ƙwayoyin antinodes suna wakiltar matsin lamba na iska.
Babban mahimmanci (f 1 ) = v / 2L = 340/2L = 170/L
Sautin sauti na biyu (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (170/L) = 510/L
Bututun organ da aka rufe
Bututun organ da aka rufe, ko kuma bututun da aka rufe, bututu ne da ƙarshensa ɗaya a buɗe ɗayan kuma a rufe, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Idan an rufe ƙarshen bututun biyu, ba za a iya amfani da bututun ba.
Hoton da ke hannun dama jadawalin raƙuman sauti ne a cikin bututun gabobi da aka rufe, inda ƙwayoyin suna wakiltar yawan iska, kuma ƙwayoyin antinodes suna wakiltar matsin lamba na iska.
Babban mahimmanci (f 1 ) = v / 4L = 340/4L = 85/L
Sautin sauti na biyu (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (85/L) = 255/L
Kwatanta mitar overtone ta biyu f (f 3 ) na bututun gabobi masu buɗewa da rufe
510/L: 255/L
510: 255
2: 1
Tushen raƙuman sauti mai ƙarfin 12,56 W yana watsa raƙuman ruwa zuwa cikin matsakaicin da ke kewaye da su daidai gwargwado. Ƙarfin iyakar sautin shine 10 -12 Wm -2 . Girman ƙarfin hasken raƙuman ruwa a nisan mita 10 daga tushen shine...
Tattaunawa
An sani:
Daya = 12,56 Watt
Ƙarfin matakin sauti (I o ) = 10 -12 Wm -2
Nisa (r) = mita 10
An tambaya: Matsayin ƙarfi (TI)
Amsa:
Tsarin da ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfi (P), ƙarfi (I) da nisa (r):
Matakin ƙarfi (TI):
4. Ƙarfin sauti
Tsarin lasifika yana fitar da watts 36 π na ƙarfin sauti da kuma matakin ƙarfi na 80 dB idan aka ji shi a nesa da x daga lasifikar. (I o = 10 -12 watt.m -2 ). Daidaiton ƙimar x shine…
A. 100 m
B. 160 m
C. mita 175
D. 225 m
E. 300 m
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Ƙarfi (P) = 36 π Watt
Matsayin ƙarfi (TI) = 80 dB
Nisa = x
Iyakar jin magana ta ɗan adam (I o ) = 10 -12 W att.m -2
An tambaya: Darajar x
Amsa:
Tsarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙarfi (P), ƙarfi (I) da nisa (x):
Da farko a ƙididdige ƙarfin sauti a nesa x:
Ƙarfin sauti:
Lissafa darajar x:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce E.
5. Tafiye-tafiyen Ruwa
Tambayar Jarrabawar Ƙasa ta SMA/MA Physics ta 2015/2016 Lamba ta 24
Daidaiton raƙuman ruwa masu tafiya da aka bayyana a cikin Tsarin Raka'o'in Ƙasashen Duniya (SI) shine y = 0,2 sin (0,2 πx-20πt)
Daga waɗannan kalamai:
(1) Gudun yaɗuwar raƙuman ruwa 100 ms -1
(2) A x = 0 da t = 0, karkacewar raƙuman = 0
(3) Mitar raƙuman ruwa 20 Hz
(4) Girman raƙuman ruwa 2 cm
Wanne ne daidai?
A. (1) da (2)
B. (1) da (3)
C. (1) da (4)
D. (2) da (4)
E. (2) da (3)
Tattaunawa
Siffofi uku na lissafin raƙuman ruwa:
y = A zunubi (ωt – kx) ——> 1
ω = 2π / T da k = 2π / λ
y = A zunubi (2π/T) t – (2π/λ) x
y = A sin 2π (t/T – x/λ) ——-> 2
y = A zunubi 2π (ft – x/λ) ——-> 2
T = 1/f da λ = v / f
y = A sin 2π (ft – f(x/v))
y = A sin 2πf (t - x/v) ——-> 3
Daidaiton raƙuman ruwa masu tafiya a cikin tambayar da ke sama iri ɗaya ne da tsari na 2:
y = 0,2 sin (0,2 πx-20πt)
y = 0,2 sin π (0,2 x-20t)
y = 0,2 sin 2 π (0,1 x-10t)
y = 0,2 sin 2 π (x/10 -10t)
y = A sin 2π (ft – x/λ)
A = girma = mita 0,2 = 0,2 (100 cm) = 20 cm
f = mita = 10 s -1 = 10 Hertz
λ = tsawon tsayi = mita 10
v = saurin yaɗuwar raƙuman ruwa = f λ = (10 s -1 )(10 m) = 100 ms -1
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
6. Tasirin Doppler
Motar asibiti tana tafiya a gudun kilomita 72 a kowace awa yayin da take busar da siren ta da mita 1500 Hz. Mai babur yana tafiya a gudun mita 20 a akasin alkiblar motar asibiti. Idan saurin sauti a cikin iska shine mita 340 a kowace awa , to rabon mitar da mai babur ke ji lokacin da yake kusantowa da kuma barin motar asibiti shine…
A. 25: 36
B. 36: 49
C. 64: 81
D. 81: 64
E. 100: 61
Tattaunawa
Dokokin Alamar:
v koyaushe yana da kyau
v p yana da kyau idan mai sauraro ya kusanci tushen sauti
v p yana nufin rashin sauti idan mai sauraro ya ƙaura daga tushen sautin
v s yana da kyau idan tushen sautin yana fuskantar nesa da mai sauraro
v s yana da kyau idan tushen sauti yana kusantar mai sauraro
v p = 0 idan mai sauraro yayi shiru
v s = 0 idan tushen sautin yayi shiru
An san cewa:
Mitar tushen sauti (f) = 1500 Hz
Saurin mai sauraro (v p ) = 20 m/s
Gudun tushen sauti (vs ) = 72 km/awa = 72 (mita 1000) / daƙiƙa 3600 = mita 72.000/3600/daƙiƙa = 20 m/s
Saurin sauti (v) = 340 m/s
Tambaya: Kwatanta mitoci da masu babura ke ji lokacin da suke kusantowa da kuma ƙaura daga motar asibiti
Amsa:
Tsarin tasirin Doppler:
Mitar da mai babur ke ji idan ya kusanci motar asibiti
Dukansu suna cikin alkibla daban-daban, ta yadda idan babur ya kusanci motar asibiti, suna kusantar juna. v p yana nuna alama mai kyau idan mai sauraro yana kusantar tushen sauti, kuma v s yana nuna alama mara kyau idan tushen sauti yana kusantar mai sauraro.
Mitar da masu babura ke ji lokacin da suke ƙaura daga motar asibiti
Dukansu suna cikin akasin alkibla don haka lokacin da babur ya motsa daga motar asibiti, sai su yi nesa da juna. v p yana nufin ko da mai sauraro ya motsa daga tushen sauti kuma v s yana da kyau idan tushen sauti ya motsa daga mai sauraro.
Kwatanta mitoci da masu babura ke ji lokacin da suke kusantowa da kuma ƙaura daga motar asibiti.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
Ƙarfin Sauti
7. Kalli hoton da ke ƙasa!
Idan batu na P shine tushen sauti wanda ke haskakawa a kowane bangare, to rabon ƙarfin sauti a maki S, R, da Q bi da bi shine...
A. 16: 25: 100
B. 16: 50: 200
C. 32: 50: 100
D. 36: 25: 100
E. 72: 25: 200
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Nisa daga wurin Q daga tushen sauti (r)Q) = mita 3
Nisa daga wurin R daga tushen sauti (r R ) = mita 6
Nisa daga wurin S daga tushen sauti (r S ) = mita 5
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin Q = I Q
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin R = I R
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin S = I S
Tambaya: Kwatanta ƙarfin sauti a maki S, R, da Q ( I S : I R : I Q )
Amsa:
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin S:
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin R:
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin S:
Kwatanta ƙarfin sauti a maki S, R, da Q:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
8. Raƙuman sauti suna yaɗuwa daga tushensu a kowane bangare daidai gwargwado. Ma'ana A tana nesa da P daga tushen sauti, ma'ana B tana nesa da 2P daga tushen sauti, kuma ma'ana C tana nesa da 4P daga tushen sauti. Raƙuman ƙarfin sauti da A, B, da C suka karɓa shine…
A. 16: 4: 1
B. 4: 2: 1
C. 4: 1: 16
D. 1: 2: 4
E. 1: 4: 16
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Nisa daga wurin A daga tushen sauti (r A ) = P
Nisa daga wurin B daga tushen sauti (r B ) = 2P
Nisa daga wurin C daga tushen sauti (r C ) = 4P
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin A = I A
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin B = I B
Ƙarfin sauti a wurin C = IC
Tambaya: Kwatanta ƙarfin sauti a maki A, B, da C ( IA : IB : IC )
Amsa:
Ƙarfin sauti a wuri na A:
Ƙarfin sauti a wuri na B:
Ƙarfin sauti a wuri na C:
Kwatanta ƙarfin sauti a maki A, B, da C:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
9. Tasirin Doppler
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna motar 'yan sanda tana bin wani mai laifi mai tuka babur:
Motar 'yan sanda, tana busa siren ta da mitar 9.30 Hz, tana bin babur ɗin wani mai laifi da ke gudu a gudun kilomita 72/h -1 . Motar 'yan sanda tana gudu zuwa kilomita 108/h -1 don ta kama mai laifin. Idan saurin sauti a iska shine mita 340/h -1 , to mitar sautin siren da mai laifin ke ji a kan babur ɗin shine...
A. 850 Hz
B. 900 Hz
C. 960 Hz
D. 1.020 Hz
E. 1.200 Hz
Tattaunawa
Dokokin Alamar:
v koyaushe yana da kyau
v p yana da kyau idan mai sauraro ya kusanci tushen sauti
v p yana nufin rashin sauti idan mai sauraro ya ƙaura daga tushen sautin
v s yana da kyau idan tushen sautin yana fuskantar nesa da mai sauraro
v s yana da kyau idan tushen sauti yana kusantar mai sauraro
v p = 0 idan mai sauraro yayi shiru
v s = 0 idan tushen sautin yayi shiru
An san cewa:
Mitar tushen sauti (f) = 9 30 Hz
Saurin mai sauraro (v p ) = 72 km/h -1 = 72 (mita 1000) / 3600 (daƙiƙa) = 72.000/mita 3600/daƙiƙa = 20 m/s = -20 ms -1 (mara kyau saboda mai laifin yana ƙaura daga 'yan sanda)
Gudun tushen sauti (vs ) = 108 km/h -1 = 108 (mita 1000) / 3600 (daƙiƙa) = 108.000/mita 3600/daƙiƙa = 30 m/s = -30 ms -1 (mara kyau saboda 'yan sanda suna tunkarar mai laifin)
Saurin sauti (v) = 340 ms -1
Ana so: Yawan sautin da mai sauraro ke ji (f')
Amsa:
Tsarin tasirin Doppler:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
Matakin Ƙarfin Sauti
10. A cikin zauren, ɗalibai 100 suna koyon waƙa. Idan matakin ƙarfin sauti na ɗalibi ɗaya lokacin waƙa shine 40 dB (ku ɗauka iri ɗaya ne ga kowane yaro), to ƙarfin sauti da ake samu a zauren shine… (I o = 10 -12 Wm -2 )
A. 10 -4 Wm -2
B. 10 -5 Wm -2
C. 10 -6 Wm -2
D. 10 -7 Wm -2
E. 10 -8 Wm -2
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Matsayin ƙarfin ɗalibi ɗaya (T I ) = 40 dB
Ƙarfin jin ɗan adam (Io ) = 10 -12 W/ m2
Adadin ɗalibai (x) = 100
An Yi Tambaya: Ƙarfin sauti na ɗalibai 100
Amsa:
Ƙarfin sauti na ɗalibi 1:
Ƙarfin sauti na ɗalibi 100:
I x = (x)(I)
I x = (100)(10 -8 ) = (10 2 )(10 -8 )
I x = 10 -6 W/m 2
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
11. Ƙarfin sauti na injuna 100 iri ɗaya shine 10 -7 Watt.m -2 . Idan I o = 10 -12 Watt.m -2 , to matakin ƙarfin sauti na injuna shine….
A. 70 dB
B. 60 dB
C. 50 dB
D. 40 dB
E. 30 dB
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Ƙarfin sauti na injuna 100 (I x ) = 10 -7 Watt.m -2
Ƙarfin jin ɗan adam (Io ) = 10 -12 W/ m2
Adadin injuna (x) = 100 = 10 2
An tambaya: Matsayin ƙarfin sauti na na'ura (TI)
Amsa:
Ingancin sauti na na'ura 1:
I x = (x)(I)
10 -7 = (10 2 )( I )
I = 10 -7 / 10 2 = (10 -7 )(10 -2 ) = 10 -9
Matsayin ƙarfin sauti na na'ura (TI):
Amsar da ta dace ita ce E.
12. Manyan halayen raƙuman ruwa sune kamar haka:
(1) ba zai iya yaduwa a cikin sarari ba
(2) yana yaɗuwa kai tsaye a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban
(3) fuskantar tunani
(4) fuskantar rarrabuwar kawuna
(5) fuskantar tsangwama
Daga halayen raƙuman ruwa da ke sama, abin da ya yi daidai da halayen raƙuman haske shine...
A. (1) da (2) kawai
B. (3) da (4) kawai
C. (2), (3), da (4)
D. (3), (4), da (5)
E. (1), (3), (4), da (5)
Tattaunawa
(1) Raƙuman haske raƙuman lantarki ne waɗanda ba sa buƙatar hanyar yaɗawa. Domin ba sa buƙatar hanyar yaɗawa, raƙuman lantarki na iya yaɗuwa a cikin injin tsabtace iska.
(2) Lokacin da raƙuman haske da ke yaɗuwa a cikin matsakaici suka shiga wani sabon matsakaici, raƙuman haske suma suna fuskantar refraction. Refraction na haske shine lankwasa alkiblar yaɗuwar raƙuman haske. Refraction yana faruwa ne saboda bambancin saurin raƙuman haske a cikin kowane matsakaici daban-daban.
(3) Baya ga fuskantar jan hankali, raƙuman haske kuma suna fuskantar jan hankali. Jan hankali na haske ta madubi mai faɗi misali ne na abin da ke faruwa na jan hankali na haske. Jan hankali na haske ta madubi mai faɗi yana ba da damar amfani da madubai masu faɗi a matsayin kayan aikin kwalliya.
(4) Ba wai kawai raƙuman lantarki kamar raƙuman haske ke fuskantar bambancin launin fata ba, har ma raƙuman inji kamar raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman sauti ke fuskantar bambancin launin fata.
(5) Baya ga fuskantar raƙuman lantarki kamar raƙuman haske, tsangwama kuma tana faruwa ne ta hanyar raƙuman inji kamar raƙuman ruwa, raƙuman igiya ko raƙuman sauti.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
13. Kula da waɗannan halayen raƙuman ruwa!
(1) fuskantar rarrabuwar kawuna
(2) fuskantar tunani
(3) ba zai iya yaduwa a cikin sarari ba
(4) na iya fuskantar rarrabuwar kawuna
(5) yana motsawa kai tsaye lokacin da yake wucewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu
Daga halayen raƙuman ruwa da ke sama waɗanda suka dace da halayen raƙuman sauti sune...
A. (1), (2) da (3)
B. (1), (2) da (4)
C. (1), (3) da (4)
D. (2), (3) da (4)
E. (3), (4) da (5)
Tattaunawa
(1) Ba wai kawai raƙuman lantarki kamar raƙuman haske ke fuskantar bambancin launin fata ba, har ma raƙuman lantarki kamar raƙuman sauti ke fuskantar bambancin launin fata.
(2) Ana samun tunani ko tsalle-tsalle ta hanyar raƙuman lantarki kamar raƙuman haske da raƙuman inji kamar raƙuman sauti ko raƙuman ruwa. Misalin abin da ya faru na nuna raƙuman sauti shine amsawar sauti.
(3) Raƙuman sauti raƙuman inji ne. Raƙuman inji raƙuman ruwa ne da ke buƙatar hanyar yaɗuwa domin yaɗuwa. Idan babu matsakaici, kamar a cikin injin, to raƙuman sauti ba za su iya yaɗuwa ba.
(4) Ana samun rabuwar ra'ayi ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa masu wucewa kamar igiya, raƙuman ruwa a saman ruwa da raƙuman lantarki kamar raƙuman haske. Raƙuman sauti raƙuman ruwa ne na tsayi kuma saboda haka ba za su iya fuskantar rabuwar ra'ayi ba.
(5) Lokacin da ake yaɗawa daga wani matsakaici zuwa wani matsakaici daban, raƙuman sauti suna fuskantar refraction ko canji a alkiblar yaɗawa. Refraction yana faruwa ne lokacin da raƙuman suka fara shiga wani matsakaici daban.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
Tushen tambaya:
Tambayoyin Nazarin Fizik na Ƙasa ga Makarantar Sakandare ta Babbar Sakandare/Makarantar Sakandare ta Sana'a
