Kayan koyarwa Dokar Archimedes ya ƙunshi Manuniyar Ƙwarewa ta Asali da Nasarar Ƙwarewa, Kayan Koyo, Tambayoyi Misali, Tambayoyi na Aiki da Gwaje-gwajen Tsarin Aiki.
A. Ƙwarewa ta Asali
3. 1 Aiwatar da dokokin ruwa masu tsayawa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun
4.1 Tsarawa da gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da ke amfani da halayen ruwa masu tsauri, gami da gabatar da sakamakon gwaji da kuma amfani da su.
B. Ma'aunin Nasarar Kwarewa
1. Tunawa (C1), fahimta (C2), amfani (C3), mbincika (C4) sannan a kammala (C5) manufar buoyancy, dokar Archimedes da kuma manufar iyo, shawagi, nutsewa
2. Warware (C4) kuma gyara tambayoyin (C6) game da buoyancy da dokar Archimedes
3. Gudanar da gwajin (P2) hDokar Archimedes
4. Nuna (P3) kuma ka tantance (P5) gakwai iyo da hDokar Archimedes
Dokar ARCHIMEDES
I. GABATARWA
Shin ka taɓa shiga jirgin ruwa? Jirgin ruwa mai babban taro ba ya nutsewa, yayin da ƙaramin dutse mai sauƙi zai iya nutsewa. Me yasa haka yake?
Shin ka san menene hoton da ke hagu? Jirgin ruwa mai ƙarƙashin ruwa jirgi ne da zai iya shawagi a saman teku kuma ya nutse a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ta yaya jirgin ruwa mai ƙarƙashin ruwa yake shawagi da nutsewa?
Me kake gani a hoton da ke hannun dama? Balan-balan masu zafi na iya tashi a wurare masu tsayi. Me yasa balan-balan ke tashi, kuma ta yaya ake tashi balan-balan mai zafi?
Jiragen ruwa na iya shawagi a saman teku su nutse a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kamar yadda balan-balan za su iya shawagi a cikin sararin samaniya, wato iska. Domin fahimtar wannan, dole ne ka fara fahimta. Dokar ArchimedesDomin ka fahimci dokar Archimedes, dole ne ka fara fahimtar manufar Buɗewa.
Tushen hoto: Google.com
II. RUNDUNAR BUOYANCY
Wanne ya fi sauƙi, dutse da aka ɗaga a ƙasa ko dutse ɗaya da aka ɗaga a cikin ruwa? Idan ba ka taɓa fuskantar wannan ba, ya kamata ka gwada shi don amsa wannan tambayar. Ya fi nauyi a ɗaga dutse a ƙasa, amma dutsen ɗaya yana da sauƙi a ɗaga shi a cikin ruwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarfin hawan dutse.
Idan aka sanya wani abu a cikin ruwa, za a sami bambancin matsin lamba tsakanin ruwan da ke saman abin da kuma ruwan da ke ƙasan abin. Ruwan da ke ƙasan abin yana da matsin lamba mafi girma fiye da ruwan da ke sama. akan abu. Buɗewar ruwa yana faruwa ne saboda bambancin matsin lamba a zurfin ruwa daban-daban.
A cikin hoton, an ga wani abu yana shawagi a cikin ruwa. Ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ruwan yana da matsi mafi girma fiye da ruwan da ke saman abin, saboda ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin abin yana da zurfin da ya fi na saman abin (h) zurfi.2 > h1).
Bayani: FA = ƙarfin buoyancy, ρ = yawan ruwa, g = hanzari saboda nauyi, V = girman abu da aka nutsar a cikin ruwa
Sauya ρV a cikin dabarar Buoyancy Force tare da m a cikin dabarar yawa:
Bayani: m = taro, g = hanzari saboda nauyi, w = nauyi.
Dangane da lissafi na 2, ƙarfin buoyancy (F)A) yayi daidai da nauyin (w) na ruwan da aka canza. VYawan ruwan da aka fitar iri ɗaya ne da girman abin da ke cikin ruwan.
III. Dokar ARCHIMEDES
Idan wani abu ya nutse gaba ɗaya ko kuma wani ɓangare na shi, ruwan yana yin amfani da ƙarfin sama (buoyancy) akan abin, inda girman ƙarfin buoyancy yayi daidai da nauyin ruwan da aka nutse. Girman ruwan da aka nutse yayi daidai da girman abin da aka nutse a cikin ruwan.
IV. YIN SHAFAWA, YIN SHAFAWA, YIN NUTSEWA
4.1 RUWAN SHAƘA
Abu yana yawo a saman ruwa idan:
1. Nauyin abu ƙarami fiye da ƙarfin Buoyancy (w < FA), ko
2. Yawan abu ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yawan ruwan ( )
Idan ƙarfin buoyant ya fi ƙarfin nauyi girma, to ƙarfin da ya biyo baya ba sifili ba ne, bisa ga dokokin motsi na Newton, abu zai yi tafiya sama. Amma a zahiri abu yana hutawa a saman ruwan. A bisa ga dokar farko ta Newton, idan abu yana hutawa to
ΣFy = 0
FA – w – Fa = 0
FA = w + Fa
FA = ƙarfin da ruwa ke fitarwa akan abu, Fa = matsin yanayi, w = nauyin abu.
4.2 RUWAN SHAƘA
Abu yana yawo a saman ruwa idan:
1. Nauyin abu tare da Ƙarfin ƙaruwa (w = F)A), ko
2. Yawan abu iri ɗaya ne da yawan ruwan ( )
A bisa ga dokar farko ta Newton, idan wani abu yana hutawa to
ΣFy = 0
FA – w = 0
FA = w
4.3 NUTSEWA
1. Nauyin abu girma fiye da ƙarfin Buoyancy (w > FA), ko
2. Yawan abu ya fi yawan ruwan ( )
A bisa ga dokar farko ta Newton, idan wani abu yana hutawa to
ΣFy = 0
w – FA – N = 0
w = FA +N
FA = ƙarfin da ruwa ke fitarwa akan abu, N = ƙarfin da tushen ke amfani da shi a kan abin, w = nauyin abu.
Me yasa jiragen ruwa ke shawagi?
Bayan nazarin bayanin da ke sama, yanzu kuna ƙoƙarin amsa tambayar, me yasa jirgin ruwa mai babban nauyi ba ya nutsewa yayin da yashi mai sauƙi ke nutsewa a cikin teku? Yashi yana nutsewa saboda yawan yashi ya fi yawan ruwan teku girma. A halin yanzu, jiragen ruwa, kodayake an yi su da ƙarfe, suna da yawa fiye da yawan ruwan teku (yawan ƙarfe shine 7874 kg/m2)3 , yawan ruwan teku shine 1025 kg/m23), amma girman jirgin yana da girma sosai har idan aka ƙididdige yawan jirgin ta amfani da dabarar yawan ρ = m / V ya fi ƙasa da yawan ruwan teku.
Idan muka yi amfani da manufar buoyancy da gravity, jiragen ruwa suna shawagi domin buoyancy ya fi nauyi fiye da nauyi na jirgin.
Yadda jiragen ruwa ke nutsewa
Domin yin iyo, yawan jirgin ruwa mai ƙarƙashin ruwa dole ne ya zama ƙasa da yawan ruwan teku, haka nan kuma jirgin ruwa mai ƙarƙashin ruwa zai iya nutsewa idan yawansa ya fi ko daidai da yawan ruwan teku. Girman jirgin ruwa mai ƙarƙashin ruwa iri ɗaya ne, don haka domin ya nutse ya yi iyo, ana iya canza yawan jirgin ruwa mai ƙarƙashin ruwa ta hanyar sanya ruwa da iska a cikin tankunan ballast. Idan kana son nutsewa, saka ruwa a cikin tankin ballast kuma idan kana son yin iyo a saman, za a cire ruwan daga tankin kuma a saka iska a cikin tankin.
Ta hanyar amfani da manufar buoyancy da gravity, jirgin ruwa na iya shawagi idan ƙarfin buoyancy ya fi ƙarfin nauyi na jirgin ruwa. Jirgin ruwa na iya nutsewa idan nauyin jirgin ya fi ƙarfin buoyancy da ruwan teku ke yi a kan jirgin ruwa.
Me yasa kuma yadda balan-balan masu zafi zasu iya tashi
Balan-balan suna tashi a cikin iska domin a cikin balan-balan akwai iskar gas wadda take da yawan da ya fi ƙasa da yawan iskar da ke kewaye da ita. A gefe guda kuma, idan yawan iskar da ke cikin balan-balan ya yi daidai da yawan iskar da ke kewaye da ita, balan-balan ɗin zai faɗi ƙasa kuma ba zai tashi zuwa wani wuri mai tsayi ba.
Ta hanyar amfani da manufar buoyancy, balan-balan mai zafi yana tashi saboda ƙarfin buoyancy ya fi ƙarfin buoyancy. Balan-balan yana faɗuwa ƙasa lokacin da nauyin balan-balan ya fi ƙarfin buoyancy da iska ke yi a kan balan-balan.
V. TAMBAYOYI MISALI
5.1. Nauyin kayan da ke cikin iska shine 5 N, nauyin kayan idan aka auna shi da ruwa shine 4 N. Yaya girman ƙarfin buoyant yake?
Tattaunawa
An sani:
Nauyin kaya a cikin iska (w) = 5 N
Nauyin kaya a cikin ruwa (w)F) = 4 N
An tambaya: Ƙarfin hayaniya (F)A)
Amsa:
Idan aka auna a cikin ruwa, wani ɓangare na nauyin kayan yana ɓacewa saboda ƙarfin buɗaɗɗen kaya. Girman ƙarfin buɗaɗɗen kaya = bambanci tsakanin nauyin kayan da ke cikin iska da nauyin kayan da ke cikin ruwa.
FA = 5 – 4 = 1 Newton
5.2. An cika akwati cike da ruwa da dutse, wanda hakan ke sa ruwan ya zube. Girman ruwan da ya zube shine 0,1 m3.. Yawan ruwa = 1000 kg/m23, Saurin gudu saboda nauyi 10 m/s2Nawa ne ƙarfin da ruwa ke yi a kan dutsen?
Tattaunawa
An sani:
Yawan ruwan da ya zube (V) = 0,1 m3
Yawan ruwa (ρ) = 1000 kg/m3
Saurin gudu saboda nauyi (g) = 10 m/s2
An tambaya: Ƙarfin hayaniya (F)A)
Amsa:
FA = ρ g V = (1000) (10) (0,1) = 1000 N
5.3. Idan aka sanya wani abu a cikin akwati cike da ruwan teku, wani ruwan teku yana zubewa da mita 0,23Yawan ruwan teku = 1025 kg/m23Saurin gudu saboda nauyi shine 10 m/s2. Lissafa nauyin ruwan teku da ya kone/zubar.
Tattaunawa
An sani:
Ƙara (V) = 0,2 m3
Yawan ruwan teku (ρ) = 1025 kg/m23.
Saurin gudu saboda nauyi (g) = 10 m/s2
An tambaya: Nauyin ruwan teku da ya malala/zubar da ruwa
Amsa:
Dokar Archimedes ta bayyana cewa girman ƙarfin da ke tashi sama = nauyin ruwan teku da aka kora/zubar
FA = ρ g V = (1025) (10) (0,2) = 2050 N
5.4. Karfe yana da nauyin N100 idan aka auna shi a iska, kuma N80 idan aka auna shi a ruwa. Menene girman ƙarfen? Yawan ruwa = 1000 kg/m23, hanzari saboda nauyi = 10 m/s2.
Tattaunawa
An sani:
Nauyi a cikin iska (w) = 100 N
Nauyi a cikin ruwa (w)f) = 80 N
Yawan ruwa (ρ) = 1000 kg/m3
Saurin gudu saboda nauyi (g) = 10 m/s2
An tambaya: Girman ƙarfe
Amsa:
FA = 100 – 80 = 20 N
FA = ρ g V
20 = (1000)(10) V
20 = 10.000 V
5.5. Ana sanya wani abu mai nauyin N20 a cikin ruwa. Idan ƙarfin da ke tashi sama shine N30, shin abin yana nutsewa, yana iyo ko yana iyo?
Tattaunawa
Ƙarfin da ke tashi sama ya fi nauyin abu, FA > w, don haka abin ya yi iyo.
Abu yana nutsewa idan ƙarfin hawan sama ya ƙasa da nauyin abin (F)A < w)
VI. YI AMFANI DA TAMBAYOYI DA MABUƊAN AMSA
https://gurumuda.net/soal-ujian/soal-latihan-hukum-archimedes
VII. TAMBAYOYIN GWAJI NA KIRKIRO
https://gurumuda.net/soal-ujian/tes-formatif-hukum-archimedes
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