What is salt hydrolysis? Solution: Salt hydrolysis is a reaction in which a salt reacts with water to form an acidic or basic solution. This occurs when the ions of the salt react with the hydrogen ions (H⁺) or the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from water.
- What are the products of the hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a strong base? Solution: The products of the hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a strong base are a weak acid and water. The solution formed is basic because the weak acid ionizes less than the water.
- What are the products of the hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a weak base? Solution: The products of the hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a weak base are a weak base and water. The solution formed is acidic because the weak base ionizes less than the water.
- How is the hydrolysis constant (Kᵦ) related to the ionization constant of water (Kw) and the ionization constant of the weak acid (Ka)? Solution: The hydrolysis constant (Kᵦ) is related to the ionization constant of water (Kw) and the ionization constant of the weak acid (Ka) by the equation Kᵦ = Kw/Ka.
- What is the hydrolysis equation for the salt NH₄Cl? Solution: The hydrolysis equation for the salt NH₄Cl is: NH₄⁺ + H₂O ⇌ NH₃ + H₃O⁺.
- What type of solution (acidic, basic, or neutral) is formed by the hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a strong base? Solution: The hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a strong base results in a neutral solution because neither the cation nor the anion of the salt undergoes hydrolysis.
- What type of solution (acidic, basic, or neutral) is formed by the hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a weak base? Solution: The hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a weak base can result in either an acidic or a basic solution. The pH depends on the relative strengths of the weak acid and the weak base.
- What is the pH of the solution formed by the hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a strong base? Solution: The solution formed by the hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a strong base has a pH greater than 7 because it is basic.
- What is the pH of the solution formed by the hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a weak base? Solution: The solution formed by the hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a weak base has a pH less than 7 because it is acidic.
- What is the hydrolysis equation for the salt CH₃COONa? Solution: The hydrolysis equation for the salt CH₃COONa is: CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃COOH + OH⁻.
- What is a hydrolysis constant? Solution: A hydrolysis constant is a measure of the degree of ionization of a salt in water. It is the equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis reaction.
- How can the pH of the solution formed by the hydrolysis of a salt be calculated? Solution: The pH of the solution formed by the hydrolysis of a salt can be calculated by first determining the hydrolysis constant and then using the formula pH = -log[H₃O⁺] for acidic solutions or pH = 14 – -log[OH⁻] for basic solutions.
- What are spectator ions in the context of salt hydrolysis? Solution: Spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the hydrolysis reaction. They remain in the solution unchanged.
- Why does the hydrolysis of a salt of a weak base and a strong acid result in an acidic solution? Solution: The hydrolysis of a salt of a weak base and a strong acid results in an acidic solution because the weak base ionizes less than the water, producing more H₃O⁺ ions and thus lowering the pH.
- Why does the hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a strong base result in a basic solution? Solution: The hydrolysis of a salt of a weak acid and a strong base results in a basic solution because the weak acid ionizes less than the water, producing more OH⁻ ions and thus raising the pH.
- Can the hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a strong base change the pH of the solution? Solution: No, the hydrolysis of a salt of a strong acid and a strong base cannot change the pH of the solution. Neither the cation nor the anion of the salt undergoes hydrolysis, so the pH remains neutral.
- How does temperature affect salt hydrolysis? Solution: An increase in temperature usually increases the rate of salt hydrolysis because higher temperatures provide more kinetic energy to the molecules, allowing them to overcome the activation energy barrier more easily.
- How does the concentration of the salt affect the degree of its hydrolysis? Solution: The degree of hydrolysis of a salt is inversely proportional to the square root of its concentration. This means that a higher concentration of the salt results in a lower degree of hydrolysis.
- What is the hydrolysis equation for the salt Na₂SO₄? Solution: The hydrolysis equation for the salt Na₂SO₄ is: Na⁺ + H₂O ⇌ NaOH + H⁺. However, as Na⁺ is the cation of a strong base (NaOH), it does not undergo hydrolysis in practice. Therefore, Na₂SO₄ does not change the pH of the solution.
What is the hydrolysis equation for the salt AlCl₃? Solution: The hydrolysis equation for the salt AlCl₃ is: Al³⁺ + H₂O ⇌ Al(OH)²⁺ + H⁺. The solution formed is acidic due to the presence of H⁺ ions.
