Q: What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? A: The Law of Conservation of Mass states that in a closed system, the mass of the system will remain constant, irrespective of the processes acting inside the system. In terms of chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
- Q: What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? A: The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. In chemical reactions, the total energy input is equal to the total energy output.
- Q: What is the Law of Definite Proportions (Proust’s Law)? A: The Law of Definite Proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight.
- Q: What is the Law of Multiple Proportions? A: The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers.
- Q: What is Avogadro’s Law? A: Avogadro’s Law states that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).
- Q: What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures? A: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture.
- Q: How does the Law of Constant Composition relate to chemical compounds? A: The Law of Constant Composition, also known as the Law of Definite Proportions, states that a given chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass, regardless of the source of the compound or how it was prepared.
- Q: What is the Law of Combining Volumes (Gay-Lussac’s Law)? A: The Law of Combining Volumes states that the ratio of the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the ratio of stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation, given that all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.
- Q: What is Boyle’s Law? A: Boyle’s Law states that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship when temperature is held constant. In other words, when the volume of a gas increases, its pressure decreases and vice versa.
- Q: What is Charles’s Law? A: Charles’s Law states that the volume and absolute temperature of a gas have a direct relationship when pressure is held constant. This means that as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas also increases, and vice versa.
- Q: What is the Ideal Gas Law? A: The Ideal Gas Law is a combination of several simpler gas laws. It states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
- Q: What is Hess’s Law? A: Hess’s Law states that the total enthalpy change of a chemical reaction is the same, regardless of whether it occurs in one step or several steps.
- Q: How is the Law of Conservation of Mass used in balancing chemical equations? A: The Law of Conservation of Mass is used to balance chemical equations by ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation, meaning that mass is conserved in the reaction.
- Q: What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics? A: The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law helps define temperature.
- Q: How does the Law of Conservation of Energy relate to exothermic and endothermic reactions? A: In exothermic reactions, energy is released, typically in the form of heat or light. In endothermic reactions, energy is absorbed. The Law of Conservation of Energy applies as the total energy before and after the reaction remains constant, it merely changes form.
- Q: What is Lavoisier’s Law? A: Lavoisier’s Law is another name for the Law of Conservation of Mass, named after Antoine Lavoisier who is often considered the father of modern chemistry. It states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
- Q: What is the law of mass action? A: The law of mass action states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants, each raised to a power equal to its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
- Q: What is Raoult’s Law? A: Raoult’s Law states that the partial vapor pressure of a component in a mixture is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture.
- Q: What is Graham’s Law of Effusion? A: Graham’s Law of Effusion states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles. This means lighter gases effuse faster than heavier ones.
Q: What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? A: The First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Energy Conservation, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
